Korys屋顶花园 - 园林吧

Korys屋顶花园
Korys Rooftop Garden

屋顶花园设计理念的创新： 该项目最显著的亮点在于其对屋顶花园设计理念的创新。区别于传统的静态种植模式，该设计引入了“达尔文主义”的理念，强调自然演替和生物多样性。通过选择抗旱、适应性强的物种，并允许部分自播植物的生长，该项目创建了一个动态的、不断变化的景观。这种设计策略不仅增加了景观的视觉多样性，也促进了生态系统的自我调节和可持续发展。这种“拼凑系统”在景观设计中的应用，展现了对自然过程的深刻理解和尊重。

植物选择与种植策略的精髓： 项目的精髓体现在对植物的精心选择和种植策略上。设计师没有局限于本土物种，而是兼顾了本土和非本土植物，以应对城市环境的极端条件。种植策略的核心在于“智能和选择性除草”，以控制物种间的竞争，促进多样性。此外，种植系统注重视觉效果，如叶片对比、色彩协调、常绿物种的配置等，从而打造出四季皆宜的景观。基质的选用也体现了对植物生长的细致考量，高质量的沙、堆肥、膨润土和火山材料混合物，为植物提供了良好的生长环境。

可持续性和生态效益的体现： 整个项目体现了对可持续性和生态效益的深刻关注。屋顶花园本身就具备降温、缓冲雨水、增加生物多样性的功能。项目通过引入“适者生存”的达尔文主义原则，鼓励植物的自我适应和演替，减少了人工干预的需求，提高了项目的可持续性。此外，设计也考虑了物种的开花期和季相变化，从而最大限度地延长了景观的观赏价值。随着时间的推移，甚至野生植物也能在屋顶上自发传播，进一步丰富了生物多样性，形成了一个充满活力和生态效益的城市绿地。

屋顶花园正成为全球城市发展中越来越重要的问题。这是由于城市的密集化以及相互交织的基础设施和不同功能的复杂性
它们也是对城市日益硬化和石化的回应。
Roof gardens are becoming an increasingly important issue in urban developments worldwide. This is due to the densification of cities and the complexity of intertwined infrastructure and different functions.
They are also a response to the increasing hardening and petrifaction of cities.

众所周知，绿色植物具有降温作用，屋顶花园也能缓冲水分。屋顶花园也有助于增加生物多样性。它们也是城市中自然热点的垫脚石。
It is well known that greenery has a cooling effect and that roof gardens also buffer water. Roof gardens also contribute to increasing biodiversity. They also form stepping stones in cities for natural hotspots.

众所周知，生物多样性有时是一个非常漫长的过程的结果，在这个过程中，生物在一个特定的地方相互依赖食物或住所。这就是为什么在低地国家（比利时和荷兰），政府经常坚持使用本土植物，因为这些植物通常具有最高的生物多样性联系。
It is a well-known fact that biodiversity is the result of sometimes a very long process whereby living creatures become dependent on each other for food or shelter in one specific place. That is why in the low countries (Belgium and the Netherlands), governments very often insist on the use of native plants, as these usually have the highest biodiversity linkage.

然而，当今城市化的复杂性造成了本土植物越来越难以生存的条件。例如，比利时的一个城市故意改用地中海原产的树木，以便在其领土上种植，因为它们更能抵抗不断增加的热量。
However, the complexity of today’s urbanisation creates conditions in which native plants find it increasingly difficult to survive. A Belgian city, for example, is deliberately switching to trees of Mediterranean origin in order to have them planted on its territory, because they are more resistant to the ever-increasing heat.

本地物种对这些条件的抵抗力越来越弱
The native species are less and less resistant to these conditions.

这就是我们多年来处理屋顶花园的方式。屋顶花园实际上是大草原。夏天非常炎热干燥，冬天非常寒冷。所以温度曲线非常极端。
This is how we have been dealing with roof gardens for a number of years now. Roof gardens are actually steppes. They are very hot and dry in summer and very cold in winter. So the temperature curve is very extreme.

能够应对这种条件的植物必须非常强壮，能够在这个冬季的湿度和温度曲线中存活下来。
Plants that can cope with such conditions have to be very strong and survive this winter humidity and that temperature curve.

这就是为什么我们建造包含本地和非本地植物的屋顶花园。
That is why we make roof gardens that contain both native and non-native plants.

这意味着可用植物的调色板非常大，我们确实根据以下标准选择它们：
This means that the palette of usable plants is very large, and we do select them on the basis of the following criteria:

首先是抗旱性毫无疑问，这是一个重要的标准。出版的Korys屋顶花园仅在极端干旱的情况下偶尔灌溉。随着天气变得越来越极端，我们建议为所有屋顶花园提供紧急灌溉。这里也是如此。
First of all, drought resistance. It goes without saying that this is an important criterion. The Korys roof garden published is only irrigated sporadically in the event of extreme drought. As the weather is becoming extreme, we consider it advisable to provide emergency irrigation for all roof gardens. This is also the case here.

然后是施工我们现在正在根据保留原则建造越来越多的屋顶花园。带有聚丙烯板条箱的人造地下水位被放置在平屋顶上，雨水被缓冲在那里。这是通过毛细管柱输送到植物可以提取的基质中。这给了他们更大的生存机会。这里发布的屋顶没有这个，因为这个屋顶上的基材高度通常在边缘只有15cm到80cm不等。此外，因为这个屋顶是倾斜的；它建在停车场上方。
Then there is the construction. We are now making more and more roof gardens based on the retention principle. An artificial water table with polypropylene crates is placed on the flat roof in which rainwater is buffered. This is fed via capillary cylinders to the substrate from which the plants can draw. This gives them a much greater chance of survival. The roof published here does not have this because of the heights of the substrate on this roof vary from usually only 15cm to 80cm at the edges. Also, because this roof is sloping; it was constructed above a parking garage.

基质是沙子、堆肥、膨润土和火山材料的高质量混合物。
The substrate is a high-quality mixture of sand, compost, bentonite and volcanic materials.

然后是种植和种植系统
我们越来越倾向于自然主义的动态。同样的原理也适用于雨水花园或生物谷。我们根据特定的配方混合植物。我们这样做是基于叶片对比的美学标准、一定程度的颜色兼容性、一定数量的常绿物种（有利于冬季图像）和高度结构。
Then there is the planting and the planting system.
We are opting more and more for a naturalistic dynamic. The same principle we apply as well on rain gardens or bioswales. We mix plants on the basis of a specific recipe. We do this on the basis of aesthetic criteria of leaf contrasts, a certain degree of colour compatibility, an amount of evergreen species (in favour of the winter-image) and height structure.

例如，这些标准也用于常年边界。然而，最大的区别在于，我们在这里启动了一个过程。对于一个你希望看到种植多年不变的系统来说，这是完全不同的。
These are criteria that are also used for perennial borders, for example. The big difference, however, is that we set a process in motion here. This is totally different with regard to a system where you want to see the planting unchanged over the years.

这里的情况并非如此。对这一过程的评估达到了这样的程度，即即使是野生植物也可以在屋顶上自发传播。这有助于自然景观，也有助于生物多样性。“智能和选择性除草”的管理有助于在选择过程中消除接管或损害多样性的因素。
This is not the case here. The process is assessed to such an extent that even wild plants can spread spontaneously on the roof. This helps the naturalistic picture and also helps biodiversity. The management of ‘intelligent and selective weeding’ then helps in the selection process to remove what takes over or that which compromises diversity.

这需要对植物有很好了解的园丁。因此，我们呼吁园艺教育对这一知识做出强有力的承诺，因为我们相信，未来的城市将有越来越多的自然主义种植园。
This requires gardeners who have a good knowledge of plants. We therefore call for gardening education to make a strong commitment to this knowledge, because we are convinced that the cities of the future will have more and more naturalistic plantations.

主要目的是实现具有最高地面覆盖方面的多样化画面。正在启动的过程是达尔文主义的。这是“适者生存”。这就是为什么我们也在暗示风险的传播。通过使用许多物种，土壤很有可能被覆盖。被选中的植物要么自己播种，要么靠匍匐茎生长。每年，情况都会以这种方式发生变化，这使得这一过程令人兴奋，代表着与自然的谈判。这在哲学上也是一种重要的态度。你不强迫自然，而是让自然在一定程度上自己引导它的过程。所以你只是启动了一些东西。正如我们在20世纪所知，这是古典公园方法的一个重大转变。
The main aim is to achieve a diversified picture with an upmost groundcovering aspect. The process being set in motion is Darwinian. It is a ‘Survival of the Fittest’. That is why we are also implying risk spreading. By using many species, there is a very good chance that the soil will be covered. The chosen plants sow themselves out or run by stolons. Every year the picture changes in this way, which makes the process exciting and represents a negotiation with nature. This is philosophically also an important attitude. You don’t force nature, but let nature guide its process partly by itself. So you only set something in motion. This is a major turnaround in the approach to classical parks, as we knew them in the 20th century.

在20世纪90年代初，我们与Henk Gerritsen、Piet Oudolf和Rob Leopold一起，就这种动态系统进行了深入的交流。与此同时，在过去的三十年里，我们越来越多地在各种种植园中应用我们所说的“拼凑系统”。
Along with Henk Gerritsen, Piet Oudolf and Rob Leopold, we were already intensively exchanging ideas about such dynamic systems in the early 1990s. Meanwhile, over the last three decades, we have been applying these “patchwork systems”, as we call them, more and more in various plantations.

在我们设计这个屋顶花园的同一个公园里，成熟树木下的森林地区也是如此。
This is also the case in the forest area under mature trees in the same park where we designed this roof garden.

The plants themselves are chosen on the basis of their drought resistance and their appearance, as mentioned. The selection is made as wide as possible in order to maximise the groundcovering aspect. Of course, this is also reflected in the great diversity in terms of both shape and colour.

There are actually two types of plants used in this system. Groundcovering and self-sowing species. The first take care of the lateral covering structure, the letter shape the vertical image. This withered vertical image is also present in the winter and makes the image at that time of the year interesting in a very specific way.

The self-sowing species are also the ones that cause the unpredictable and dynamic aspect.
Species such as Euphorbia oblongata, Oenothera versicolor and Verbena bonariensis seek their own way and opportunity and make the image change every year.
Others, such as Stachys byzantina, Sedum takesimense and Silene maritima are groundcovering, creating a horizontal layer that complements all those vertical plants in their structure.

在我们种植的所有物种中，实际上没有一个物种消失了。自最初种植以来，它们都已经存在，尽管有时数量更多，有时数量也更少。当然，这是由于正在进行的过程。与此同时，Linaria vulgaris已经在它们之间传播，它实际上已经是第一种在植被中占据一席之地的本土植物。这给了我们一种额外开花的美丽特有植物。
Of all the species that we have planted, there is actually not one species that has disappeared. All of them have been present since the initial planting, although sometimes in more numbers and sometimes in smaller numbers as well. This is, of course, due to the process that is going on.
In the meantime, Linaria vulgaris has spread between them, which is actually already the first native plant to take its place among the vegetation. This gives us an extra flowering beautiful endemic plant.

最重要的开花期是5月至7月，但我们也确保了开花的传播，这意味着各种植物在夏季后继续开花。
The most important flowering period is between May and July, but we have also ensured that there is a spread of flowering, which means that various plants continue to flower after the summer.

Sysirinchium、Stachys、Sesleri和Sedum takesimense在冬季的结构上特别明显，因此构成了图像的支柱
景天是我们屋顶概念中非常重要的植物。汉斯·西蒙送给我们这种植物。一个对植物有着丰富知识的人，我们仍然对他有着美好的回忆。
The Sysirinchium, the Stachys, the Sesleri and the Sedum takesimense are particularly visible in terms of their structure in winter and thus form the backbone of the image.
Sedum takesimense is a very important plant for our rooftop concepts. Hans Simon blessed us with this plant. A man with fantastic plant knowledge of whom we still have very good memories.

让整个画面成真的是，办公室所在的城堡后面延伸着一片花海。从春天开始，有许多昆虫和蝴蝶来到这片花海。鸟类也来到这片自然植被。
What makes the overall picture come true is that a sea of flowers extends behind the castle in which offices are located. And from spring onwards, there are many insects and butterflies visiting this sea of flowers. Birds also come to this piece of naturalistic vegetation.

与此同时，我们正在各种新屋顶上试验更多的物种，以测试哪些生长良好，哪些生长不良。始终以在一个概念中获得尽可能多的图像质量和生物多样性为目标。毫无疑问，对植物的良好了解是必不可少的。
Meanwhile, we are experimenting with many more species on various new roofs to test what grows well and what does not. Always with the aim of getting as much image quality and biodiversity as possible in one concept. It goes without saying that a good knowledge of plants is indispensable for this.