巴丹吉林沙漠之家/南京大学建筑与城市规划学院

巴丹吉林沙漠之家/南京大学建筑与城市规划学院
The Home in the Badain Jaran Desert / SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING, NANJING UNIVERSITY

设计理念的传承与创新：项目的核心亮点在于其对地域文脉的深刻理解和巧妙运用。设计师深入研究当地的建筑传统，特别是蒙古族游牧民族的居住文化，巧妙地将传统的稻草砖结构与现代化的金属外壳相结合。这种“轻”与“重”的对比，不仅在视觉上形成了独特的张力，更在功能上实现了对传统居住方式的现代化革新。通过保留稻草砖的自然特性，例如良好的保温隔热性能，并结合现代材料的优势，项目在尊重当地文化的同时，也满足了现代生活的需求，为可持续的沙漠居住提供了有益的探索。

可持续设计的巧妙实践：项目在可持续性方面展现出卓越的实践价值。通过采用稻草砖等当地取材的天然材料，降低了运输成本和对环境的负面影响。同时，金属外壳的设计不仅提供了额外的空间，更重要的是形成了一个气候缓冲区，从而提高了建筑的能源效率。这种被动式的设计策略，使得建筑能够适应沙漠地区严酷的自然条件，在冬季保持室内温暖，夏季则保持凉爽。此外，低技术的建造方式，鼓励了设计师、学生与当地工匠的合作，这不仅降低了成本，也促进了当地社区的参与，从而为项目的推广提供了可行性。

空间与功能的完美结合：该项目在空间设计和功能布局上达到了高度的统一。通过走廊的设计，巧妙地实现了居住空间、储藏空间和夏季烹饪等多种功能的整合，极大地提高了空间的利用效率。拱形屋顶的设计，在夹层空间创造了类似蒙古包的氛围，强化了文化认同感，也为聚会提供了独特的场所。这种设计策略，既满足了居住的基本需求，又兼顾了文化传承，并通过对空间的多功能利用，创造了舒适且富有特色的居住体验，为当代牧民提供了既实用又充满文化底蕴的居住选择，彰显了建筑设计的社会责任。

建筑师提供的文字描述“家”的困境-许多传统牧民家庭，主要是蒙古人，住在沙丘间湖泊周围的牧场上。2024年7月，巴丹吉林沙漠的“沙塔和湖泊”景观被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。随着随之而来的生态保护和建筑限制，如何建造满足当代需求的房屋已成为当地牧民的一个紧迫问题。设计师们深入研究了当地语言，打算保留当地的建筑技术，为未来在这样一个世界遗产地的可持续居住提供了一种有趣的可能性。
Text description provided by the architects. The Dilemma of 'Home' - Many traditional herding families, mainly Mongolian, live on ranches around the inter-dune lakes. In July 2024, the 'Towers of Sand and Lakes' landscape of the Badain Jaran Desert was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List. With the ensuing ecological preservation and construction restrictions, how to build homes that meet contemporary needs has become a pressing issue for the local herders. Delved into the vernacular, the designers intend to retain the indigenous building techniques, providing an intriguing possibility for future sustainable inhabitation in such a World Heritage site.

Section

稻草砖，金属外壳-该项目是一个牧民家庭的房子，具有旅游接待的潜力。核心区域采用稻草砖建造，以满足家庭和客人的生活需求。透气的金属外壳覆盖着这个核心，为节日聚会和存储提供了空间。虽然金属外壳代表了成熟的工业解决方案，但稻草砖直接来自该地区的乡土建筑。这种轻与重的融合形成了我们对未来理想沙漠避难所的愿景。放牧和生活——主人和客人通过两条被金属外壳覆盖的走廊进入他们的房间。
Straw Brick, Metal Shell - The project is a house for a herding family with the potential for tourism hospitality. The core area is constructed with straw bricks to meet the living needs of the family and guests. A breathable metal shell covers this core, providing space for festive gatherings and storage. While the metal shell represents mature industrial solutions, the straw bricks are directly derived from vernacular architecture in the region. The fusion of this lightness and heaviness forms our vision of an ideal desert shelter of the future.Herding and Living - The host and guests access their rooms through two corridors covered by the metal shell.

同时，走廊也用于夏季烹饪，冬季屠宰和储存肉类，满足牧民的生活需求。拱形屋顶在夹层地板上创造了一个类似蒙古包的空间，在聚会时刻唤起了一种文化传统感。
Meanwhile, the corridor is also used for cooking in the summer and slaughtering and storing meat in the winter, fulfilling the needs of a herder's life. The arched roof creates a yurt-like space on the mezzanine floor, evoking a sense of cultural tradition during gathering moments.

Diagram

适应季节-秸秆砖墙的优异热性能和金属外壳包围的气候缓冲区确保了舒适的室内气候和低能耗。在冬季，热量集中在稻草砖部分，而气候缓冲区将热量损失到外部。夏季，透气外壳提供有效的空气流通，保持室内凉爽舒适。
Adapting to the Season - The excellent thermal performance of the straw-brick wall and the climatic buffer zone enclosed by the metal shell ensure both a comfortable indoor climate and low energy consumption. In winter, heat is concentrated in the straw-brick section, while the climatic buffer zone minimizes heat loss to the outside. In summer, the breathable shell provides effective air circulation, keeping the interior cool and comfortable.

Detail

低技术建筑-该建筑实验性地使用了当地采购的天然材料，如稻草砖和湖粘土，辅以轻钢框架、穿孔铝合金板和聚碳酸酯板等轻质预制材料。这种方法大大降低了沙漠中的高运输成本。建造过程相对简单，是通过设计师、学生和当地工匠之间的合作完成的，使其成为一个有可能被更广泛采用的模型。
Low-tech Construction - The building makes experimental use of locally sourced natural materials such as straw bricks and lake clay, complemented by lightweight prefabricated materials such as light steel frames, perforated aluminum alloy sheeting and polycarbonate panels. This approach significantly reduces the high transportation costs in the desert. The construction process is relatively simple and was completed through collaboration between designers, students and local craftsmen, making it a model with potential for wider adoption.

在巴丹吉林沙漠寂静的夜色中，这座房子像蒙古节日的银碗一样闪闪发光。进入后，所有的感官都沉浸在熟悉的土地纹理中。我们的牧民朋友Hass Bayara怀旧地说：“这正是我们小时候住的房子。”
Amidst the darkness of the silent night in the Badain Jaran Desert, the house glows like a silver bowl in the Mongolian Festival. Upon entering, all senses are immersed in the familiar textures of the land. Our herder friend, Hass Bayara, remarked with nostalgia, "This is exactly the house we lived in when we were kids."