太阳塔/开放式建筑

太阳塔/开放式建筑
Sun Tower / OPEN Architecture

设计理念独特创新：太阳塔的设计独具匠心，将自然现象与建筑完美融合。其几何形状依据太阳运动雕刻而成，建筑的选址和布局都充分考虑了自然元素，如夏至的日出、冬至的日落等。同时，建筑以贝壳结构为特色，凹形内壳收集和放大来自大海的声音，营造出独特的空间体验。此外，太阳塔作为文化“灯塔”，将尊重自然的古老智慧与当代城市文化生活相结合，为新城区带来了急需的文化和公共设施。

可持续设计与功能性兼备：在设计上，太阳塔大量采用被动策略以保持内部舒适性并降低能耗。例如隧道冷却、利用热质量等。建筑内部功能丰富，设有室外剧场、数字展览空间、图书馆等。数字展览空间可灵活更改内容，图书馆提供传统和数字书籍，阅读体验独特。建筑坐落在贝壳形状的广场上，与室外剧场相互呼应，形成了一个多功能的公共空间，可举办表演、展览等各种活动。

建筑师提供的文字描述太阳塔由OPEN Architecture设计，是烟台市叶达开发区的海滨公共文化设施，设有室外剧场、数字展览空间、图书馆、咖啡馆和酒吧。山顶是一个独特的半户外“现象空间”。考古发现表明，烟台是中国最早出现古代太阳崇拜文化的地方之一。OPEN设计太阳塔是为了捕捉和庆祝自然现象，重建人们与自然精神力量的联系，同时为新城区带来急需的文化和公共设施。数字展览空间和图书馆旨在促进关于沿海社区合作的讨论，提高环境意识。
Text description provided by the architects. Designed by OPEN Architecture, Sun Tower is an oceanfront public cultural facility in Yantai Yeda Development Zone, featuring outdoor theater, digital exhibition spaces, library, café and bar. Atop the summit is a unique semi-outdoor "Phenomena Space". Archeological discoveries revealed that Yantai was among the earliest places in China where ancient sun-worshiping culture emerged. OPEN designed the Sun Tower to capture and celebrate natural phenomena, re-establishing people's connection with nature's spiritual power while bringing much-needed cultural and communal facilities to the new urban district. The digital exhibition spaces and the library are intended to foster discussions on coastal community collaboration and raise environmental awareness.

太阳塔的几何形状是由从该地点的有利位置观察到的太阳运动雕刻而成的。建筑物外壳的北侧边缘与昼夜平分点的正午阳光平行。夏至，露天剧场的轴线指向传说中的芝浮岛上的日出，而入口隧道则与冬至的日落对齐。屋顶的圆形轮廓位于一个垂直于夏至中午阳光的平面上。
The geometry of Sun Tower is sculpted by the movement of the sun observed from the vantage point of the site. The northern edge of the building's outer shell is parallel to the noon sunlight on the equinoxes. The outdoor theater's axis points towards sunrise over the legendary Zhifu Island on summer solstice, while the entrance tunnel aligns with sunset on the winter solstice. The roof's circular outline lies on a plane perpendicular to midday sunlight on the summer solstice.

Shaped to Capture Movements of Sun and Sound of Sea

大楼里的大部分空间在夏天都没有空调。相反，该设计在很大程度上依赖于被动策略来保持内部舒适性，同时显著降低能耗。这些策略包括采用隧道冷却提供新鲜空气，利用热质量减少室内温度波动，诱导交叉通风，利用烟囱效应去除热空气，通过增强室内气流有效扩大人们的舒适区。
Most spaces in the building are not air-conditioned during summer. Instead, the design relies heavily on passive strategies to maintain interior comfort while significantly reducing energy consumption. These strategies include employing tunnel cooling for fresh air supply, using thermal mass to reduce indoor temperature fluctuation, inducing cross ventilation, and utilizing chimney effect to remove hot air, effectively expanding people's comfort zone through enhanced indoor airflow.

这座建筑以贝壳结构为特色。主体由两层白色混凝土外壳组成，由板材和坡道连接和支撑。面对大海，建筑的凹形内壳充当了一个声音收集器，吸收和放大了来自大海的声音。它的底部是一个半室外剧院，也是放松和观海的地方。内壳顶部的一个较小的倒置外壳容纳了图书馆和现象空间。图书馆提供传统书籍和数字书籍。在天空下和海面上阅读是一种非常独特的体验。现象空间是一个故意未定义的半室外空白空间。它面向大海的水平开口构成了壮观的景色。屋顶中央的天窗允许雨水进入，并被一个小水池收集。游泳池里的水每小时旋转9分钟，从每天早上5点到晚上9点，作为一种特殊的计时装置。
The building features shell structure. Two layers of white concrete shells form the main body, connected and braced by slabs and ramps. Facing the ocean, the concave inner shell of the building acts as a sound collector, absorbing and amplifying sounds from the sea. At its base is a semi-outdoor theater which also serves as a place for relaxation and sea observation. A smaller upside-down shell atop the inner shell houses the library and the Phenomena Space. The library offers both traditional and digital books. Reading under the sky and above the sea is a very unique experience. The phenomena space is a semi-outdoor void space left intentionally undefined. Its horizontal opening facing the ocean frames a spectacular view. The oculus opening at the center of the roof allows rainwater to enter and be captured by a small pool. The water in the pool swirls for 9 minutes every hour, from 5 am to 9 pm each day, working as a special time device.

在建筑的中间，内壳和外壳之间是数字展览空间，它沿着坡道向上曲折。新技术使展览内容易于更改。内墙上的一部分系孔经过精心处理，但未填充，因此可用于悬挂物体。此外，天花板上还战略性地嵌入了成对的悬挂点。
In the middle of the building, between the inner and outer shells is the Digital Exhibition Space, which zigzags upwards along the ramps. New technologies enable the exhibition contents to be easily changed. A portion of the tie holes in the interior walls are carefully treated but unfilled in so that they can be used to hang objects. Additionally, there are also pairs of hanging points strategically embedded into the ceilings.

这座建筑坐落在一个贝壳形状的广场上。塔楼的足迹与室外剧场的舞台一起构成了一个完整的圆圈。当不用于表演时，舞台变成了一个有薄雾和喷泉的区域。广场的地板从舞台向外延伸，朝向大海，形成了一个大型的室外圆形剧场。从广场中心辐射出来的是一系列椭圆环，类似于行星轨道。一条与塔相切并雕刻在石广场上的水道标志着昼夜平分点上的时间流逝——塔北侧边缘的阴影恰好沿着水道移动，与小时上的每个椭圆环相交。外环的一部分嵌入了庆祝传统农历二十四节气的喷泉。在正常日子里，喷泉的喷水与大海的高潮和低潮同步。
The building sits on a seashell-shaped plaza. The tower's footprint together with the stage of the outdoor theater completes a full circle. When not in use for performances, the stage becomes an area with mist and fountains. The plaza's floor rises outwards from the stage towards the sea, forming a large outdoor amphitheater. Radiating from the center of the plaza is a series of elliptical rings, resembling planetary orbits. A water channel, tangent to the tower and carved into the stone plaza, marks the passing of time on the equinoxes—the shadow of the tower's northern edge moves exactly along the channel, intersecting each elliptical ring on the hour. Embedded in a segment of the outer ring are fountains celebrating the 24 Solar Terms of the traditional lunar calendar. On normal days, the fountains' sprays synchronize with the sea's high and low tides.

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总的来说，太阳塔作为一种建筑类型是特殊的，它是一座文化“灯塔”，将尊重自然的古老智慧与当代城市文化生活融为一体。建筑将无形的能量——空气、光、声音和自然现象——转化为有形和发自内心的体验，使人们能够与宇宙建立联系，并在其他方面建立无尽的自然循环。
Overall, Sun Tower is special as a building typology, it is a cultural "lighthouse" where ancient wisdom in respecting nature is integrated with contemporary urban cultural life. The architecture frames and transforms invisible energies—air, light, sound, and natural phenomena—into tangible and visceral experiences, allowing people to establish moments of connection with the universe and otherwise endless cycles of nature.