三里河走廊 - 园林吧

三里河走廊
Sanlihe Corridor

Turenscape：位于河北省迁安市，三里河利用景观恢复和建设现有和新的城市基础设施；该生态走廊能够减少污染，为城市土地开发提供机会，并具有约135公顷的生态功能。该生态走廊长13.4公里，宽100-300米。在这个线性公园内，水从滦河分流，流经城市，然后返回滦河。通过两年的设计和建设，该项目已将这一严重污染的景观改造回其昔日的辉煌，成为“芦苇丛生，鱼龙混杂”的城市生态走廊。
Turenscape: Located in Qian’an City, Hebei Province, the Sanlihe River uses landscape to revive and construct both existing and new city infrastructure; it is capable of reducing pollution, providing opportunity for urban land development, and serving ecological functions Covering approximately 135 hectares, this ecological corridor stretches 13.4 km in length and varies 100-300m in width. Within this linear park, water is diverted from the Luan River, through the city, before returning to Luan River. Through two years of design and construction, this project has transformed this seriously polluted landscape back to its previous splendor as a scenic urban ecological corridor “where reeds and locus flourish and water abundant with fish and soft-shelled turtles”.

Sanlihe Corridor

迁安市位于河北省东北部的滦河岸边，燕山南麓。虽然主要城市位于东部滦河附近，但由于迁安的地形位于河床下方，高堤坝挡住了河流的视线，因此无法看到河水。三里河作为迁安的生命之源，承载着迁安的悠久历史，承载着迁安老百姓的记忆。20世纪70年代以前，河床上覆盖着鹅卵石，泉水中充满了来自滦河地下水补给的水晶般清澈的水，这确保了夏天的温度保持凉爽，冬天的温度保持足够的温暖，永远不会结冰。三里河虽遇暴雨，但历史上从未发生过旱涝灾害，为附近工农业提供了丰富的水资源。1913年，李先亭（当地商人）在三里河建立了乾安第一家半机械化造纸厂，这是中国北方第一家半机械化造纸厂。1917年，它建造了第一座水力磨坊，到1920年，八座磨坊在河边投入使用。这种原始的水力磨坊一直在运转，直到20世纪60年代中期，三里河沿岸的水力磨坊被电力磨坊取代。到了20世纪70年代，由于工业的持续发展和城市人口的增长，河流已经受到污水和废物的严重污染。随着区域水源的枯竭，滦河水质急剧下降，三里河干涸，河道被垃圾堵塞。这座城市的生命之源被城市身体的溃疡所侵蚀，当地居民对它的状况感到心痛。
Qian’an City is located at the south foot of the Yanshan Mountain, at the bank of Luan River, northeast of Hebei Province. Although the main city lies near Luan River in the east, one cannot see the water as Qian’an’s topography is situated below the riverbed with its high embankment blocking its view to the river. As the life source of Qian’an, Sanlihe River has shouldered the long history of the city and carried the memories of its common people. Before 1970s,the river bed was covered with pebbles and springs bubble with crystal clear water from the groundwater recharge of Luan River, which ensures the temperature stays cool in summer and warm enough to never ice up in winter. Although visited by storms and heavy rain, Sanlihe River had never experienced disasters of drought and flood in its history, which provides rich water resources for nearby industries and agriculture. In 1913, Li Xianting (a local merchant) set the first semi-mechanized paper mill of Qian’an in Sanlihe River, the first of its kind in Northern-China. In 1917, its first water-powered mill was built and by 1920, eight mills were put into use along the river. Such primitive water-powered mills continued to work until they were replaced by electricity-powered ones in the mid-1960s along Sanlihe River. By 1970s, the river has become badly polluted by sewage and waste products resulted from the continuous industrial development and urban population growth. With the depletion of regional water sources, Luan River’s water quality declined drastically and Sanlihe River became dried up with its channel blocked by waste. The life source of the city became festered with sores of the urban body, and the hearts of local residents aches for its conditions.

因此，市政府决定委托三里河生态走廊项目，以彻底改变三里河及其周围环境的状况。Turenscape被要求设计所有的污水截流工程（用被动自然渗透系统取代之前直接排入河流的污水管道）和生态重建工程。该项目分为三个部分：上游水源地、中部城市区段和下游湿地公园。通过2007年4月至2010年初两年的连续施工，上两段已完工，下游湿地段仍在施工中。这座北方的“钢铁之城”再次焕然一新，成为一个“芦苇茂盛、树荫茂盛、鸟语花香”的风景区。
Thus, the municipal government decided to commission the Sanlihe River Ecological Corridor Project to change the situation of Sanlihe River and its surroundings completely. Turenscape was asked to design all the work of sewage cutting(replacing sewage pipes that had previously discharged directly into the river with a passive natural infiltration system), and ecological reconstruction. This project is divided into three sections: the water source located upstream, the city section in the middle, and the wetland park downstream. Through two years of continuous construction from April 2007 to early 2010, the upper two sections have been completed while the wetland section downstream is still under construction. Once again, this northern “Steel city” is rejuvenated to be a scenic place where “reeds flourish, trees shade, and birds inhabitat”.

生态廊道的设计充分利用了现有的自然高程变化和堤防进入城市所形成的滦河水道。这一项目极大地改善了水道通过城市时的生态条件。
The design for the ecological corridor takes full advantage of the existing natural elevation change and of the water channels from the Luan River created by the embankment cut into the city. This project has drastically improved the ecological condition of the waterway as it makes its way through the city.

它能够调节水位的不确定波动。该战略的最前沿是创建珠状湿地，通过收集和传播城市雨水径流来调节洪水。当河的水位下降到最低点时，水珠中仍有大量的水作为湿地，形成了一条“绿色河流”。此外，这些湿地还可以作为河流中水的生态净化剂，使河流成为可用的灰色水源。这些蜿蜒的天然水道在不同的水面上形成，成为野生动物多样的栖息地。
It is able to regulate the uncertain fluctuations in the water level. At the forefront of the strategy is the creation of bead-like wetlands which regulate floods by collecting and disseminating urban storm water runoff. When the river’s water level drops to its lowest point, pools of water remain in the bead as wetlands, creating a “Green River.” Furthermore, these wetlands work as an ecological purification agent for the water in the river which makes the river a useable source of grey water. The creation of these meandering natural waterways at various surface levels becomes a diverse habitat for wildlife.

The existing trees on the site were saved and the riverbanks were transformed into a number of tree islands connected by boardwalks. The project used low-maintained native vegetation, lush water-grasses, and wild flowers.

Along the greenbelt are the pedestrian and bicycle routes fully accessible to communities along the channel; these routes integrate with the urban slow-transportation network and creates harmony between man and nature in the city of a new era.

照片及；文本：Turenscape
Project Name: Qian’an Sanlihe River Ecological Corridor
Landscape Architecture: Turenscape
Location: Qian’an City
Category: Urban greenway, linear park
Size: 135 hectares
Design: March 2007-July 2007
Completed: May 2010
Client: Construction Bureau of Qian’an City
Photos & Text: Turenscape