罗马皇帝论坛

罗马皇帝论坛
Roman Forum of Empúries

罗拉·多梅内克（Lola Domènech）：位于玫瑰湾南部的罗马皇帝论坛是地中海地区最相关的历史和文化遗产之一。这一考古修复恢复了古罗马城内最重要的空间之一。在罗马城市，论坛是举行最重要社会活动的场所。它是该市政治、经济、宗教和司法活动的中心。该论坛是一个大型露天广场，周围有各种不同功能的建筑。该地区的考古发掘工作于1900年开始，占地约10000平方米，一直持续到2000年。2001年，罗马广场的挖掘工作完成后，决定有必要对考古遗址进行整修，使其适合博物馆参观。
Lola Domènech: The Roman Forum of Empuries, located to the south of Roses bay, is one of the most relevant historical and cultural heritage sites in the Mediterranean. This archeological restoration has recovered one of the most important spaces inside the ancient Roman city. In Roman cities the forum was where the most important social events were held. It was the centre of the city’s political, economic, religious and judicial activity. The Forum was a large open-air square that was surrounded by different types of buildings dedicated to different functions. Archeological excavations of this area, which covers around 10,000 m2, were commenced in 1900 and lasted until the year 2000. Once the excavations of the Roman Forum had been completed, in 2001, it was decided that it was necessary to refurbish the archeological site and make it suitable for museum visits.

Roman Forum of Empúries

在开始论坛翻新项目之前，建筑师和考古学家团队进行了详尽的分析，以确定现场的关键问题，然后制定项目指南。首先，我们意识到，访问者无法清楚区分构成论坛的不同区域、空间和建筑。广场、回廊、帐幕、隐式门廊、大教堂、库里亚、宗教区和花园都是游客无法辨认的空间。游客们也无法辨认主要道路，卡多和德库马纳斯。第二，出于安全原因，论坛内的一些区域对游客关闭，因为这些区域状况不佳，无法进入。
Before beginning the Forum refurbishment project the team of architects and archeologists carried out an exhaustive analysis in order to identify the site’s key problems after which they set down the guidelines for the project. To begin with, we realized that visitors couldn’t clearly distinguish the different areas, spaces and buildings that made up the Forum. The square, the ambulacrum, the tabernae, the cryptoportico, the basilica, the curia, the religious area and the garden were unrecognizable spaces for visitors. Visitors couldn’t identify the main roads, the cardo and the decumanus, either. Secondly, some of the areas inside the Forum were closed off to visitors for safety reasons, because they were in a bad state and inaccessible.

除此之外，还有一个严重的问题，即访问性和论坛内部缺乏一条路线。由于先前考古挖掘后产生的不均匀水平以及雨水造成的土壤侵蚀，论坛内的空间无法进入，甚至很危险。一旦问题得到研究和确定，下一步就是确定该项目的主要目标：第一优先事项是保护和保存考古遗迹，第二优先事项是使论坛的区域易于进入、参观和理解。翻修博物馆参观论坛的项目需要考古学家和建筑师之间的密切合作，他们在提出这些目标后，继续确定翻修工作的具体战略。
On top of this, there was the serious problem of accessibility and the lack of a route inside the Forum. The space inside the Forum was inaccessible and even dangerous because of the uneven levels produced following previous archeological excavations and due to soil erosion from the rain. Once the problems were studied and identified the next step was to set down the project’s key objectives: The first priority was to conserve and preserve the archeological remains and the second priority was to make the area of the Forum accessible, visitable and comprehensible. The project of refurbishing the Forum for museum visits entailed close collaboration between the archeologists and architects, who after coming up with these objectives went on to define the specific strategies for the renovation work.

最初的任务之一是拆除所有不准确的复制品（在以前的考古干预期间执行），以保护原始遗址的价值。第二项任务是根据陆委会考古学家团队制定的标准，巩固、恢复和重建一些最重要和相关的考古结构。另一个关键标准是恢复原来的楼层水平，并以微妙的方式暗示构成罗马广场的不同考古空间是什么样的。这里的目的是通过区分每个特定空间中的（排水）铺路表面，从而使其与众不同，从而展示和突出罗马论坛建筑的象征性特征。
One of the first tasks was to demolish all the inaccurate reproductions (executed during previous archeological interventions) in order to preserve the value of the original ruins. The second task was to consolidate, restore and rebuild some of the most significant and relevant archeological structures according to the criteria set down by the team of archeologists from the MAC. Another key criterion was to recover the original floor levels and to suggest in a subtle way what the different archeological spaces that make up the Roman forum were like. The aim here was to show and highlight the emblematic features of the Roman Forum’s architecture by differentiating the (drained) paving surfaces in each particular space thus making it stand out from the others.

该项目基本上是为了重现罗马城的秩序气氛。在进行工程时，特别注意材料、技术和设计解决方案，不断在原有废墟和新建筑之间的对话中寻求平衡，避免模仿和虚假的重复罗马广场的翻新不仅是一项考古和建筑工程，也是一项景观工程。该项目始终尊重历史和景观的价值。
And finally to mark out a suitable route for visitors inside the site. The new entrances for visitors were strategically placed on the former roads, the cardo maximus (N_S) and the decumanus maximus (E_W) thus highlighting the Cartesian order. Visitors are now able to clearly understand the relation between the different spaces that make up the Forum (the square, the ambulacrum, the tabernae, the curia, the basilica, the temple, the garden and the cryptoportico.
The project basically intended to recreate the atmosphere of order that prevailed in the Roman city. When carrying out the works special attention was paid to the materials, techniques and designed solutions, constantly looking for a balance in the dialogue between the original ruins and the new structures, steering clear of mimicry and false reproductions. The refurbishment of the Roman Forum was not only an archeological and architectural undertaking but a landscaping one as well. At all times this project was respectful with the value of history and the landscape.

Lola Domènech, architect

开发公司：帕特里莫尼部-加泰罗尼亚将军
Pre-Finalist- XI BEAU / Selected- Premis Fad 2010 /Finalist premis girona 2010 / Selected- VI European Urban Landscape Biennial
Authors: Lola Domènech, architect in collaboration with the MAC archeologist team
Area: 7.435m2
Location: Empúries, Girona
Drafting: 2000/2001/2007
Execution: 2008/2009
Project management: Lola Domènech, architect and the MAC archeologist team
Structure: Ignasi Ribas
Building engineer: Josep Lluís Reventós
Engineer: Julian Rios
Development company: departament de patrimoni – generalitat de catalunya