阿马尔海滩 - 园林吧

阿马尔海滩
Amager Beach

哈斯洛夫和克杰斯加尔德规划师和建筑师：阿马尔的东海岸，哥本哈根的一个独立部分，市中心以南，在1930年代被用作垃圾填埋场。尽管当地条件很浅，但还是建立了一个人工海滩。布局很简单：用木栏杆把沙子固定住。海滩的西部是沿着海岸公路的草坪式公园区，与海岸平行。在20世纪90年代，该地区的开发从海滩公园的南部和北部开始。
Haslov and Kjaersgaard Planners and Architects: The east coast of Amager, an independent part of Copenhagen, south of the city centre was used for landfill during the 1930 ́ties. An artificial beach was established despite the local conditions with very shallow water. The layout was simple: Sand was held in by means of wooden railing. The western part of the beach was laid out as a lawn-like park area along the coastal road, placed parallel to the coast. During the 1990’ies the development of the area started south and north of the beachpark.

Amager Beach

Aim of the Intervention

阿马尔海滩公园一直是最大的城市休闲发展项目之一，靠近哥本哈根市中心。海滩公园改变了城市的海岸景观和面向海湾的阿玛格岛。新阿马尔海滩被设计成城市中一个非常特殊的地方：一个与哥本哈根海滨的密度形成对比的大型景观。开阔的天空和广阔的地平线提供了独特的体验。风和天气明显存在。往返哥本哈根机场的飞机和穿越桑德海峡的船只显示了哥本哈根作为斯堪的纳维亚主要枢纽的地位。
Amager Beach Park has been one of the largest urban recreational development projects, close to the city centre of Copenhagen. The beach park has transformed the coastal landscape of the city and the island of Amager facing the Sound. The new Amager Beach is designed to be a very special place in the city: a large-scale landscape that provides a contrast to the density of the Copenhagen waterfront. The open sky and wide horizon offer unique experiences. Wind and weather are clearly present. Aircraft flying to and from Copenhagen Airport and ships sailing through the Sound show Copenhagen’s status as a major hub in Scandinavia.

Description of the Intervention

该项目的愿景是在20世纪80年代初由当地基层和各利益相关者制定的。开放性将成为该地区的主要品质，海滩线将进一步向外移动，以形成更好的海滩。该地区将成为人类活动活跃的地区。新区和现有海岸之间的空隙将以泻湖的形式保持，作为水活动的保护区。在20年的时间里，地方和地区当局的参与程度越来越高，项目的各个要素和特点逐渐形成。随后制定并通过了必要的计划。一旦分配了该项目所需的2亿丹麦克朗，就可以相对快速地设计、规划和建造海滩。该项目基于与各利益相关者的公开对话：焦点小组、利益相关组织和当地用户参与了持续发展项目质量的努力。
The visions for this project were formulated in the early 1980s by local grassroots and various stakeholders. Openness was to be the predominant quality in the area, and the beachline was to be moved further out to form a better beach. The area was to be a lively landscape for human activity. The gap between the new area and the existing coast was to be maintained in the form of lagoons serving as protected areas for water activities. Over a period of 20 years, local and regional authorities were involved to an increasing extent, and the project’s individual elements and features were gradually developed. The necessary plans were then prepared and adopted. Once the 200 million Danish kroner that the project would cost had been allocated, the beach could be designed, planned and established relatively quickly. The project was based on an open dialogue with various stakeholders: focus groups, interest organisations and local users were involved in a continuing effort to develop the project’s qualities.

阿马尔海滩已完工，有码头、岛屿、长廊、小径、沙丘、绿化区、海滩站等。在海滩公园的南部和中部地区，有一些专门指定的区域可供进一步开发，目前正在进行中。建筑结构侧重于线形海岸道路与阿马尔岛和新海岸线平坦景观中的建筑线之间的交汇。长而准确的视线穿过海滩公园，横跨泻湖的桥梁是整个景观的重要元素。海岸线的布局考虑了风、波浪和水流的动力。在新的景观中，三个焦点尤为重要：位于最东端的点，控制着两个海滩的主要方向，以及位于北部和南部的两个划定码头。为了突出和强调广阔的景观，海滩上的服务性建筑——“海滩站”有一个特殊的特征：它们遵循景观的宏伟线条，被设计和布置成供人们行走的悬崖。
Amager Beach is fully finished with jetties, islands, promenades, paths, dunes, green areas, beach stations, etc. In the southern and central areas of the Beach Park, a number of specially designated areas are available for further development, now under ways. The architectural structure focuses on the meeting between the linear coastal road and the building lines in the flat landscape of the island of Amager and the new coastline. Long accurate lines of sight go through the beach park and the bridges across the lagoon are important elements in the entire scenography. The coastline is laid out in consideration of the dynamic forces of wind, waves and currents. Three focal points are particularly important in the new landscape: the point at the extreme east that governs the main orientation of the two beaches, and the two delineating jetties to the north and the south. In order to highlight and emphasize the vast landscape, the service buildings on the beach – the “beach stations” – have a special character: They follow the grand lines of the landscape and are designed and laid out as cliffs for people to walk on and around.

北部海滩，景观海滩，是一个低沙丘的长半岛。蜿蜒的混凝土道路通过景观使用小地形变化，为人们在海岸景观中行走创造多样性。南部的城市海滩不同：这里没有沙丘。宽阔的海滩和长长的弧形长廊，被开放的海滩广场打断，被设计成一个大型座椅雕塑，有绿草覆盖的区域，用于游戏和休闲。后面是停车场。
The northern beach, the Landscape Beach, is a long peninsular with low dunes. The winding concrete path through the landscape uses small topographical variations to create variety for people walking through the coastal scenery. The City Beach to the south is different: there are no dunes here. The broad beach and long curved promenade, interrupted by open beach squares, are designed as one large seating sculpture with grassy areas for games and lounging. Behind are the parking areas.

Evaluation

阿马尔海滩自开放以来一直被广泛使用。熙熙攘攘的海滩生活实际上是在海滩完全完工之前开始的。现代人热衷于新事物，很快就意识到这里是户外活动的最佳场所。很明显，海滩公园的简单概念及其独特功能为该地区的活动和建筑的持续发展提供了良好的环境。在温暖的夏天，老阿马尔海滩吸引了成千上万的人。新的阿马尔海滩公园不仅仅是这样。它的一些设施是经过精心规划的，但其他设施正在发展成为一种实时探索中心。海滩已经成为城市中的一个“地方”，全年都是远足的目的地：人们在深夜去海滩欣赏风景：人们来这里散步、慢跑、锻炼或遛狗，单独或与他人在一起。海滩上有人们见面、观望的地方，也有人们独处的地方。在这里，在城市的中心，自然是最大的吸引力。不是浪漫化的自然，而是由自然力和开阔的地平线组成的风景画，这实际上是新地方的最佳品质。
Amager Beach has been used intensively since its opening. The bustling beach life actually started before the beach was fully finished. Modern people, up for something new, soon realised that this was the perfect place for outdoor activities. It is very clear that the simple concept of the Beach Park and its unique features provide a great setting for continued development of activities and architecture in the area. On warm summer days the old Amager Beach attracted thousands of people. The new Amager Beach Park does more than that. Some of its facilities have been carefully planned, but others are being developed as a kind of live discovery centre. The beach has become a ‘place’ in the city, a destination for excursions throughout the year: people go to the beach to enjoy the views late in the evening: people come here to walk, jog, and exercise or walk their dogs, alone or in the company of others. The beach has places where people meet and watch people and places for solitude. And here, in the midst of the city, nature is the great attraction. Not nature in a romanticized form, but a scenography composed of natural forces and the open horizon, which is in fact the new place’s best quality.

文字、照片：霍克
Landscape Architecture: Haslov and Kjaersgaard Planners and Architects
Construction period: 18 months.
1.5 mills. cubic metres of raw material has been used for the construction of the beach.
Overall area: 346.000m2
Dimension north-south: 2.9km
Beach width: Generally 50m.
Terrain: Elev. Generally +1.4m Dunes up to +3.5m.
Distance to downtown: 5km. Users up to 40.000/day Population 1.500.000 within 10-12km
Parking: 333 permanent and a further 667 non permanent.
Price: 33 mill. Euros
Text, photos: HOGK