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MLK Gateway

2.ink工作室：东北马丁·路德·金大道入口和遗产标志项目支持该地区居民和企业主持续努力，突出波特兰北部和东北部内部社区的独特身份。2.ink Studio景观设计部在总体规划和设计方面领导了一个多学科团队，与社区活动家密切合作，创建一个标志性的门户和广场，标志着进入这些历史悠久的社区，并分享其不同居民的历史。
2.ink Studio: The NE Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard Gateway and Heritage Markers Project supports the ongoing efforts of area residents and business owners to highlight the unique identity of Portland’s inner north and northeast neighborhoods. 2.ink Studio Landscape Architecture led a multidisciplinary team in both Master Planning and Design, working closely with neighborhood activists to create a landmark gateway and plaza that denotes entry into these historically rich neighborhoods and shares the history of their diverse residents.

MLK Gateway

现场环境是五个相邻的社区，由东北马丁·路德·金大道的四十个街区连接起来，并终止于波特兰市拥有的一处剩余财产。该终点站周围交通繁忙，商业地产开发不足，标志着包括东北马丁·路德·金大道和东北格兰德大道在内的一幅对联的交汇点。结果是两个小地块与城市结构断开，但从这条主干道高度可见。这种融合也标志着从高度商业化的会议中心和劳埃德中心区向波特兰东北部内历史悠久的住宅区和小型企业的过渡。
The site context is five adjoining neighborhoods, linked by a forty block stretch of NE Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and terminating in a remnant property owned by the City of Portland. Surrounded by heavy vehicular traffic and a mix of underdeveloped commercial properties, this terminating site marks the convergence of a couplet including NE Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard and NE Grand Avenue. The result is two small parcels disconnected from the urban fabric, but highly visible from this primary arterial roadway. This convergence also marks a transition from the highly commercial Convention Center and Lloyd Center Districts, into the historically rich residential neighborhoods and small businesses of inner northeast Portland.

这些社区统称为阿尔比纳区，历史上曾是众多相互交织但又相互竞争的社区的家园，其中包括美洲原住民、爱尔兰人、斯堪的纳维亚人、非裔美国人、德裔俄罗斯人和东欧移民。每个团体通过他们的教堂、企业和社区创建了强大的场所中心。在这个地区，在教堂地基上有德国铭文的非裔美国人教堂根深蒂固，这并不少见。
Collectively referred to as the Albina District, these neighborhoods have historically served as home to numerous interwoven, but also competing, communities including Native American, Irish, Scandinavian, African American, German Russian, and Eastern European immigrants. Each group created strong centers of place through their churches, businesses, and neighborhoods. It’s not uncommon in this district to find deeply rooted African American churches with German inscriptions on the church foundations.

历史事件挑战并激励了这些移民社区。第二次世界大战、大萧条、万波特洪水和民权运动都促成了巨大的物质和社会变革。国家和地方的英雄们也出现了，为这些社区找到了强大的公民声音做出了贡献。当代事件继续给阿尔比纳地区带来变化。1956年，纪念竞技场的拆除和建设发生在历史悠久的非裔美国人社区中曾经最古老的部分。20世纪60年代，5号州际公路的建设再次使社区和社区分裂。最近，房价上涨和绅士化进一步影响了社区转型。尽管这些持续的城市更新压力，爵士乐俱乐部、美发沙龙和其他文化标志仍继续在社区中扎根。
Historic events have both challenged and galvanized these often migrant communities. World War II, the Great Depression, the Vanport flood, and the Civil Rights Movement all fostered dramatic physical and social changes. Both national and local heroes arose as well, contributing to these communities finding a strong civic voice. Contemporary events have continued to bring change to the Albina District. Demolition for, and construction of, the Memorial Coliseum in 1956 took place in what was once the oldest part of the well-established African American community. In the 1960’s the construction of Interstate 5 again fractured neighborhoods and communities. Most recently, rising home prices and gentrification have further influenced community transition. In spite of these ongoing urban renewal pressures, jazz clubs, hair salons, and other cultural icons have continued to anchor the neighborhoods.

2ink的作用是仔细聆听不同的、有时相互竞争的社区故事，并确定主题，这些主题不仅体现了这些群体的共同经历，而且尊重他们各自所认同的独特自豪感、性格和挑战。一旦确定了这些主题，景观设计师的设计团队就要开发一种物理形式和叙事，以推进这些故事，并创造一个聚集空间，在其中开始公民对话，了解这些故事对过去和未来居民意味着什么。在长达三年的一系列近三十场公众会议和活动中，设计团队制定了一个概念总体规划，为沿着40个街区的街道景观开发社区故事确定了方向，以及为创造一个公民空间和网关里程碑的残余财产奠定了基础的NE马丁路德金小大道的融合奠定了基础。景观设计师领导了所有的公共外展活动，包括互动社区夏令营、一系列的公共开放式房屋，以及全年参与社区活动。设计团队与居住在该街区的历史学家、平面设计团队、工程师、包括城市发展局和不同社区利益相关者团体的技术咨询委员会合作，最终开发了一个场地设计，以实现三个主要社区目标：
2ink’s role was to listen carefully to the diverse and at times competing community stories, and identify themes that spoke not only to the common experiences of these groups, but also respected the unique pride, character and challenges that they individually identified with. Once these themes were identified, it fell to the landscape architect’s design team to develop a physical form and narrative to carry these stories forward, as well as to create a gathering space in which to begin a civic dialogue about what these stories mean for both past and future residents. During a series of nearly thirty public meetings and events that stretched over a three year period, the design team developed a Concept Master Plan that set a direction for developing community stories along the 40 block streetscape, as well as laying the foundation for the creation of a civic space and gateway landmark at the remnant property marking the convergence of NE Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard. The landscape architect led all public outreach activities including interactive community charrettes, a series of Public Open Houses, and participation in neighborhood events throughout the year. Working with a historian who resides in the neighborhood, a graphic design team, engineers, a technical advisory committee encompassing City development bureaus and a diverse community stakeholder group, the design team ultimately developed a site design to address three primary community goals:

• Create a clear threshold announcing arrival into a unique neighborhood district
• Preserve, interpret and celebrate the diverse history of the area’s cultural communities
• Develop a gathering space for the preservation and exhibition of community stories

最终的Gateway Plaza场地提出了许多挑战，包括如何创建一个舒适的广场，周围是快速移动的交通和相邻的建筑，几乎没有激活空间。现有环境也被大型广告牌、电线所占据，行人连接不良。此外，所需的创建网关体验的位置位于一个困难的S曲线在动脉巷道中。
The final Gateway Plaza site presented many challenges including how to create a comfortable plaza surrounded by fast moving traffic and with adjacent architecture that does little to activate the space. The existing context was also dominated by large billboards, power lines, and had poor pedestrian connections. In addition, the desired location for creating a gateway experience was located in the middle of a difficult S-Curve in an arterial roadway.

设计响应引入了一道雕塑般的石板墙，在其反向曲线被北行车道一分为二之前，它将一个普通的市政广场掩蔽在一条曲线内。快速移动的交通冲破了墙的界线，而打孔的风化钢片包围着广场。选择风化钢是因为其历史参考了阿尔比纳地区战时造船业，该行业促成了该地区的大规模移民，以及材料在这种强烈的城市环境中的耐久性。双层穿孔钢板的制造为安全提供了透明，同时为过往交通创造了闪闪发光的云纹图案。从内部照明，斯克里姆创造了一个网关存在24/7，也参考了该地区的夜生活活力。scrim支持Martin Luther King Jr.博士的一段话，这段话涵盖了主要的北行路段和较小的南行路段。整体而言，这句话的意思是“我相信……人们不会根据他们的肤色来判断他们，而是根据他们的性格内容来判断他们”，这是指改变称这个地区为家的社区的共同希望。当纸条横穿车道时被破坏，只有进入和离开该地区的人才能完全阅读完整的报价。种植进一步统一了场地，质感的草捕捉过往交通的运动，耐寒的多年生植物提供微妙的季节色彩。高大的树木遮住了广场，植被覆盖了硬景观的径流。在较小的中间地块上重复种植调色板，进一步加强阈值体验。
The design response introduced a sculptural scrim wall that shelters a modest civic plaza within one curve, before being bisected by northbound lanes in its reverse curve. Fast moving traffic breaks through the line of the wall, while the scrim of punched weathered steel embraces the plaza. Weathered steel was selected for its historic reference to the Albina District’s wartime ship building industry that instigated large-scale immigration to the area as well as the materials durability in this intensely urban environment. Fabrication of a double panel of punched steel provided transparency through the scrim for safety while creating a shimmering moiré’ pattern for passing traffic. Lit from within, the scrim created a gateway presence 24/7, also referencing the vitality of the district’s nightlife. The scrim supports a quote by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. that spans both the primary northbound segment and the smaller terminating southbound segment. In entirety the quote reads “I believe…they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character,” referencing the common hope of shifting communities that have called this area home. Broken when the scrim crosses traffic lanes, the full quote can only be fully read by both entering and exiting the district. Planting further unifies the site with textural grasses catching the motion of passing traffic and hardy perennials providing subtle seasonal color. Large trees shade the plaza and vegetated bioswales filter run-off from the hardscape. The planting palette is repeated at the smaller median parcel, further strengthening the threshold experience.

在scrim的背后，一系列的遗产标志物承载着社区故事和图像。这些20英尺高的标志也由风化钢制成，从内部发光，作为未来交通的信标，同时也暗示着斯克里姆背后的广场。在社区进程中确定的四个主题之一是：社区、公民权利、移民和移民，以及商业和文化。在行人高度，每一个遗产标志都支撑着解说板，上面有许多社区的图像和故事，这些社区称这里为家。设计团队希望，Gateway scrim和遗产标志将支持正在进行的关于居住在该地区意味着什么的对话，并开始理解许多社区可能会如何继续向前发展。
Rising up behind the scrim, a series of Heritage Markers hold communities stories and imagery. Also constructed of weathered steel and lit from within, these twenty foot markers serve as beacons to on-coming traffic as well as hinting at the plaza behind the scrim. Cut into the steel of each Heritage Marker is one of four themes identified in the community process: Community, Civil Rights, Immigration and Migration, and Commerce and Culture. At pedestrian height, each Heritage Marker supports interpretive panels that carry images and stories of the many communities that have called this place home. It is the design team’s hope that both the Gateway scrim and the Heritage Markers will support on on-going dialogue about what it has meant to reside in the district as well as to begin to frame an understanding for how this areas many communities may continue to move forward.

Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard Gateway
Landscape Architecture: 2.ink Studio
Location: Portland, Oregon
Design: 2007-2012
Construction: 2012
Area: Portland, Oregon
Budget: $500,000
Text & photos: 2.ink Studio