77国集团：绿色伪装

77国集团：绿色伪装
Blocs 77: Green Camouflage

Shma有限公司：与其他许多公寓项目一样，该项目旨在为居民创造良好的环境。由于场地位于曼谷混乱且污染严重的市区，项目预算有限，以及严格的绿地规定，景观设计师面临诸多限制，难以达到开发商的期望。这些挑战激励我们在该网站上创新和发展能力，将劣势转化为优势，不仅有利于居民，也有利于城市环境。
Shma Company Limited: Like many other condominium projects, this project is intended to create a good environment for the residents. Facing with many constraints make it difficult for landscape architect to achieve the developer’s expectation, since the location of the site that is in the chaotic and polluted urban area in Bangkok, the limited budget of the project, and the strict regulation of green area requirement. These challenges inspired us to innovate and develop capabilities in this site, turning weakness into strength that would benefit not only the residents but also the city environment.

Blocs 77: Green Camouflage

Blocs 77是一个经济实惠的公寓项目，位于曼谷最繁忙的市区之一，靠近天空列车。项目地块面积为5244平方米。包括467个住宅单位。该项目周围有许多商铺、购物中心和宁静运河。在现场前方，项目面临一条繁忙的街道，全天交通拥堵；而在场地的后面，它面对一条平静的运河和一个位于运河对面的老住宅区。空中列车沿线房地产开发的上升趋势已将现有的低层住宅和商铺住宅转变为高层公寓。有关于在建筑物周围提供6米消防车路线的规定和地面停车场的要求。所有这些都必须在坚硬的表面上。为了符合法规和要求，新公寓的体量不仅占据了整个紧凑的场地和邻居，还增加了从建筑物和建筑物周围坚硬表面反射到周围环境的热量和眩光。
Blocs 77 is the affordable condominium project located closely to the sky-train at one of the busiest urban area in Bangkok. The project plot is 5,244 sq.m. and comprises of 467 residential units. The project is surrounded by many shop houses, shopping mall, and serene canal. In the front of the site, the project is facing a busy street with the traffic congestion all day; while at the back of the site, it is facing a peaceful canal and an old residential compound located on the opposite side of the canal. The rising trend of real-estate development along the sky-train route has transformed the existing low-rise houses and shop houses to the high-rise condominiums. There is the regulation of providing 6 meters fire engine route around the building and the requirement of on ground parking lots. All of which must be in a hard surface. In order to comply with the regulation and requirement, the mass of new condominium not only dominates its overall tight site and neighbors but also increases heat and glare reflecting from the building and hard surfaces around the building to the surrounding context.

该项目面临的其他制约因素包括雨季的洪水、现场的高地下水位以及设施地板上的有限空间。为了应对这些限制，我们的设计方法专注于使本项目尽可能绿色，以最大限度地减少硬表面热量和眩光的影响，将种植面积提高到现有坡度以上，避免根球直接接触地下水，并提供下沉空间以控制洪水。我们使用“树冠”的概念作为自然的隐喻，这有助于在水平和垂直方向上用绿色空间掩饰发展。
Other constraints that this project is facing are the flooding during the rainy season, the high groundwater level within the site, and the limited space on the facility floor. To deal with these constraints, our design approach is focused on making this project green as much as possible in order to minimize the impact of the heat and glare from the hard surfaces, raising the planting area above the existing grade level to avoid the root ball to contact with the groundwater directly, and providing sunken space to control the flooding. We use the concept of “tree canopy” as a metaphor of nature which helps camouflage the development with green spaces horizontally and vertically.

Design Approach

1. Turning hard into green

在本项目中，消防车路线、停车场和广场区域覆盖在草皮路面和砾石的透水表面上。这些材料有助于在视觉上软化环境，减少水的流失，使这些区域变得更加舒适和受欢迎。到达球场的草皮铺筑区域使用树冠的轮廓形式，这成为该项目的标志。在建筑的垂直面上，我们与建筑师密切合作，以便将一系列花盆放置在停车平台以及住宅楼上。建筑立面的悬垂花盆为居民提供了接近自然的机会，而停车场平台上的花盆有助于吸收汽车中的二氧化碳（CO2）。这些垂直的绿色元素不仅创造了建筑的独特特征，还减少了建筑对周围环境的热量和眩光，从而创造了一个良好的城市环境。
In this project, fire engine route, parking lots, and plaza areas are covered in permeable surface of turf pave and gravel. These materials help soften the environment visually, reduce water run-off, and make these areas become more pleasant and welcome. The silhouette form of the tree canopy is used in turf pave area at the arrival court which becomes a signature of the project. At the vertical plane of the building, we work closely with architect in order to locate the series of planters at the parking podium as well as at the residential tower. The overhanging planters at the building façade offer opportunity for the residents to get closer to nature while the planters at the parking podium help absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from cars. These vertical green elements create not only the unique character of the building but also reduce heat and glare from the building to its surrounding, and therefore, lead to a good environment of the city.

2. Raising above the water level

作为邻近运河的场地位置，以及城市规划从以前的透水表面到硬表面环境的变化。这些因素对场地内的高地下水位产生影响，导致雨水难以排入地面，径流增加，许多植物物种无法生存。为了解决这个问题，我们把大部分播种机的面积提高了450毫米。避免根球在暴雨期间直接接触地下水或淹没在水中。这些高架花盆不是用来保护地下水的，而是用作雕塑座椅，形成用于娱乐目的的室外空间。
As the site location that is adjacent to the canal and the change in urban planning from the previous permeable surface to the hard surface environment. These factors have an impact to the high groundwater level within the site which results in the difficulty in draining stormwater into the ground, the increase of water run-off, and the survival of many plant species. To solve the problem, we raise most of the planter areas above the ground by 450 mm. to avoid root ball to contact with the groundwater directly or submerge in the water during the heavy rainfall. These elevated planters are not used as the groundwater protection but are functioned as the sculptural seating, forming outdoor room for recreational purposes.

3. Edge Condition

该项目面向两侧的公共区域。一条是前面繁忙的道路，另一条是后面宁静的运河。我们的做法是尽量保持两岸绿地的连续性。在毗邻街道的前缘，我们建议在一些区域的边界线内设置约2米的边界墙，为公共走道提供遮荫绿地。这也创造了从街道到开发区的良好视觉效果。一个简单的灰泥和油漆墙壁在随机模式创造了一个受欢迎的临街。在运河一侧，我们创建了一个连续的开放式平台，其中包含了运河环境。在该区域，居民可以在宁静的花园中放松，并可以欣赏运河和对面的旧住宅区的景色。该空间也有利于整个运河景观。
This project is facing public areas on two sides. One is the busy road at the front and another is the tranquil canal at the back. Our approach is to maintain the continuity of the green area along both sides as much as possible. At the front edge adjacent to the street, we propose to set the boundary wall about 2 meters within the boundary line at some areas to provide shading green area for the public walkway. This also creates the nice visual impact from the street to the development. A simple plastered and painted wall in random pattern creates a welcome frontage along the street. At the canal side, we create a continuity open terrace, which embraced the canal environment. At this area, the residents can relax in the tranquil garden and can enjoy the view of the canal and the old residential compound at the opposite side. This space would also benefit the overall canalscape.

4. Waterscape

游泳池建在6楼停车平台的顶部。设施的给定空间不够大，无法满足大部分项目居民的需求。设计方法旨在使空间看起来更大，同时保持游泳池的功能。我们建议在水面下隐藏所有游泳池功能（即游泳池露台、嬉戏池和温泉池），以便在视觉上延伸水面。这个游泳池的设计特点之一是一系列的漂浮式花盆，沉入水位以下。这些花盆有助于创造在沼泽空气中游泳的感觉。
The swimming pool is built on top of the parking podium on 6th floor. The given space for the facility is not large enough to serve the large proportion of the project residents. The design approach is intended to make the space look larger while maintaining the function of the swimming pool. We propose to camouflage all the pool functions (i.e. pool terrace, play pool, and spa pool) under the water surface in order to extend the water surface visually. One of the design characters of this pool is the series of floating planters which sunken below the water level. These planters help create the feeling of swimming amongst swamp atmosphere.

5. Microclimate and Planting

由于建筑体量占据了项目的主要空间，沿着东北侧和西南侧留下了狭窄的地带。此外，这座巨大的建筑导致了自然通风的堵塞，而自然通风应该从运河流向前花园。为了解决这个问题，引入了半室外露台，将两个区域连接在一起，让风更持续地流动，并创造了景观与运河景观的通道。
Since the building mass dominates the major spaces of the project, leaving the narrow strips along the northeast and southwest sides. Additionally, this gigantic building resulted in the blockage of the natural ventilation that should be flowing from the canal to the front garden. To deal with this problem, the semi-outdoor terrace is introduced to connect both areas together, allowing the wind to flow more continuously and creating the channeling of vista to the canal scenery.

基于每个特定区域功能的植物选择概念也应与运河生态相匹配。“巨芋”（Alocasia macronhiza（L）G.Don）——运河沿线的原生植物和耐荫植物物种——沿西南狭长地带空间使用，沿西南边界墙使用“阔叶麻黄”（Swietenia macrophylla King）在施工期间屏蔽项目旁边的商铺“泰国丝竹”（Bambusa nana Roxb.）主要用作东北边界墙沿线的筛选植物，该边界墙毗邻未来开发区，全天暴露在阳光下。
The concept of plant selection which based upon the function of each specific area should match the canal ecology as well. “Giant Taro” (Alocasia macronhiza (L) G. Don) – the native plant found along the canal and the shade resistant plant species – is used along the southwest narrow strip space and “Broad Leaf Mahokani” (Swietenia macrophylla King) is used along the southwest boundary wall to screen the shop houses next to the project while “Thai Silk Bamboo” (Bambusa nana Roxb.) is mostly used as a screening plant along the northeast boundary wall which is adjacent to the future development and is exposed to the sun throughout the day.

在大堂和停车场所在的前花园，该区域的植物选择必须有助于有效吸收污染，提供荫凉，并形成到达场地的空间。“Butea树胶树”（Butea monosperma O.Ktze.）、“印度橡树”（Barringtonia acutangula）和“缅甸黑木”（Dalbergia cultrate Graham ex Benth）是该地区选择的特色树木。这些树种具有良好的树叶纹理，能够捕捉和阻挡灰尘。在现场的后面，我们打算尽可能地维护运河的生态。现有的“落叶松”无花果树（Ficus altissima Blume）不仅能为周围提供树荫，还能吸引昆虫（如蝴蝶）进入项目。为了维持生态区，沿运河旁边的凹陷阶地使用“Fiddlewood”（Citharexylum spinosum L.）。此外，沿运河河岸使用水过滤植物种类的混合物，以便在排放到运河之前吸收灰水。
At the front garden where the lobby and parking lots are located, the plant selection at this area must help absorb pollution effectively, provide shade, and form the space of the arrival court. “Butea Gum Tree” (Butea monosperma O.Ktze.), “Indian Oak” (Barringtonia acutangula), and “Burmese Blackwood” (Dalbergia cultrate Graham ex Benth) are the feature trees selected for this area. These trees species contain fine leave texture enabling them to capture and block the dust. At the back of the site, we intended to maintain the ecology of the canal as much as possible. The existing “Loffy Fig Tree” (Ficus altissima Blume) provides not only shade to the surrounding but also attracts the insects (i.e. butterfly) to the project. To maintain the ecological patch, “Fiddlewood” (Citharexylum spinosum L.) is used along the sunken terrace next to the canal. Moreover, the mixtures of water filtration plant species are used along the canal bank in order to absorb greywater before discharging to the canal.

建设期：2010-2011年
Architect & Landscape Architect: Shma Company Limited
Project Team: Director – Yossapon Boonsom, Associate – Kantaya Kiatfuengfoo
Client& Developer: Sansiri PCL.
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
Use: Condominium Garden
Site Area: 5,244 sq. m
Building Scale: 28 Storey Building.
Design Year: 2008
Period of Construction: 2010-2011