阿姆斯广场 - 园林吧

阿姆斯广场
Place D’Armes

其生动的马赛克地板，从建筑正面到建筑正面，巧妙地揭示和定义了其新的边界，并与该地的记忆建立了清晰的联系。此外，它突出了蒙特利尔丰富的历史，同时肯定了它的独特性，坚定地走向未来。
Its lively mosaic floor, from building front to building front, skillfully reveals and defines its new boundaries and creates a clear connection with the memory of the place. Furthermore, it highlights the rich history of Montreal while affirming its unique character, determinedly turned towards the future.

Place D’Armes

HISTORY

Place d’Armes, the second oldest public square in Montreal, and once nicknamed Place de la Fabrique, was laid out in 1693 on the initiative of the Sulpicians. Long considered the vital heart of Montreal, Place d’Armes, in the centre of the historic Borough of Old Montreal, is today one of the most significant and recognized historic sites in the metropolis. This value stems mainly from the important civic role that the Place played as the main theatre for the social and economic life of the city right up until the 20th Century. It is also based on the superb quality of the heritage architecture of the built environment that surrounds it, and the richness of the archeological vestiges that still remain.

GATHERINGS

作为纪念蒙特利尔成立的重要场所，阿姆斯广场作为蒙特利尔最重要的集会和代表广场，对蒙特雷亚尔人来说具有特殊的象征价值。三个多世纪以来，在这里举行的宗教、政治和公共活动奠定了丰富的历史层次，赋予了该遗址的意义。
An important site in terms of commemorating the founding of Montreal, Place d’Armes has exceptional symbolic value for Montrealers as the most significant square for gatherings and representations in Montreal. The layers of rich history laid down by more than three centuries of religious, political and public events held in the Place give the site its meaning.

A STORY SET IN STONE

这个地方发展背后的指导原则是围绕着“以石头为背景的故事”的概念。它的基础是展示纪念碑和建筑，以及确认现存的考古遗迹。它的形式也来自于现场表面的碎片，并通过花岗岩铺路机的马赛克铺砌来表达。经过多年的践踏，现在已经准备好捕捉未来的通道，从遗址中回收的石头碎片被安置在新的石头中。
The guiding principle behind the development of the Place is centred around the notion of a “story set in stone”. It is based on showcasing the monuments and the buildings, and on acknowledging the archeological vestiges that remain. It also takes its form from, and expresses itself through its paving with, a fragmenting of the surface of the site, paved in a mosaic of granite pavers. Trodden by passers-by over many years and now ready to capture the passages yet to come, fragments of stone recuperated from the site are set amongst new stones.

COMMEMORATION

在开发工作之前，已经进行了几次大规模考古挖掘。他们揭露了圣母院第一教堂及其墓地的地基。为了突出这座前教区教堂的存在，以及与之相对的加多瓦水井（Gadois wells），这是蒙特利尔的第一个饮用水源，地面被标记为纪念这两个主要的17世纪和18世纪的遗嘱。这一独特的铺路标志着该遗址在其建立之时，并指出了苏尔比西亚人参与城市发展的重要性。
Several large-scale archeological digs have been undertaken prior to the development work. They have exposed the foundations of the first church of Notre-Dame and its cemetery. To underscore the presence of this former parish church, and opposite it the Gadois wells, which was the first source of drinking water in Montreal, the ground is marked to commemorate these two major testaments to the 17th and 18th centuries. This distinct paving marks the site at the moment of its founding and points to the importance of the participation of the Sulpicians in the city’s development.

DE MAISONNEUVE MONUMENT

作为Armes广场重建计划的一部分，魁北克雕塑家路易斯·菲利普·赫伯特（Louis Philippe Hébert）和建筑师梅斯纳尔（Mesnard）和维恩（Venne）于1895年创作了一幅壮观的作品，即保罗·德·乔梅迪（Paul de Chomedey）的梅莫尔（mémoire de Maisonneuve）纪念碑（sieur de Maisonneuve）。蒙特利尔市公共艺术收藏中的这件主要作品非常适合这个地方的中心，被视为一个焦点元素，一个标识符号，从中可以看出现场发生的事情。这座纪念碑让人想起了这个地方空灵的传统，它是蒙特利尔创始人故事的一个积极组成部分，我们将在2012年庆祝他的400周年诞辰。
Entirely restored as part of the proposed redevelopment of Place d’Armes, the Monument à la mémoire de Paul de Chomedey, sieur de Maisonneuve is a spectacular work created in 1895 by the Quebec sculptor Louis-Philippe Hébert and architects Mesnard and Venne. This major piece in the City of Montreal’s public art collection fits well in the centre of the Place and is seen as a focal element, an identifying symbol from which emerges the happenings on the site. A reminder of the ethereal heritage of the Place, the monument is an active part of the story of Montreal’s founder, the 400th anniversary of whose birth we will be celebrating in 2012.

THE VESPASIENNES

设计了一条大木凳，用以遮掩和隐藏传统地下卫生间（vespasiennes）的入口，使其不受遮挡，并使其成为一个整体。完全自动化，可提供完整的维护通道。封闭式，为年轻人和内心的年轻人提供了一个有趣和开放的空间。
The vespasiennes, the work of renowned Montreal architect Jean-Omer Marchand and built in 1931, are considered a significant testament to the history of Montreal, recalling the constructive social policies of Camilien Houde, the mayor at the time. The entrances to these two underground public washrooms were however blocked off in 1980 when the vespasiennes were closed down. The concrete floor slab and the structural interior walls have been restored in preparation for the future re-opening of these underground spaces.
A large wooden bench was designed to cover and hide the entrance to the patrimonial underground washrooms (vespasiennes) in a dis¬creet and integrated fashion. Fully automated, it can open up to pro¬vide complete access for maintenance. Closed, it allows for a playful and open ownership of the space for the young and the young at heart.

COMPLETE STREETS

今天，广场正在恢复其作为一个问候和交流场所的真正使命，这曾经定义了这个场所，同时也揭示了塑造它的元素。在旧蒙特利尔的中心地带，通过暂停来表达网站的故事，重新定义了街道的等级。在不排除任何车道的情况下，广场周围的表面处理与相邻街道的表面处理相匹配。广场的地面从一个立面延伸到另一个立面，位于圣弗朗索瓦·泽维尔（Saint François Xavier）和圣苏尔皮斯（Saint Sulpice）街道之间，从而连接了所有重要的建筑。大教堂前的前院停机坪现在凸出，“接缝”变得平滑，只有两排护柱界定了实际的街道空间。另一边的车道有一个轻微的边界，代替了真正的路缘，中断了连续铺路以引导车辆交通和更随机的行人移动。这样的安排鼓励行人自由使用广场，同时确保汽车也可以共享空间，并将广场定义为一个中心和结构化的城市空间。
Today, the square is regaining its true vocation as a place for greeting and exchange that once defined this site, while at the same time revealing the elements that shaped it. Expressing the site’s story redefines the street hierarchy by marking a pause, in the heart of Old Montreal. Without eliminating any traffic lanes, the surface treatment around the square matches that of adjacent streets. The floor surface of the square extends from one façade to the other, between Saint-François-Xavier and Saint-Sulpice streets, thus connecting all the significant buildings. The forecourt apron in front of the basilica now projects, the “seams” smoothed out, with only two rows of bollards defining the actual street space. The lanes on the other sides have a slight border in place of a real curb, interrupting the continuous paving to direct vehicular traffic and more randomly, pedestrian movements. Such an arrangement encourages free use of the square by pedestrians, while ensuring that cars may also share the space, and defines the Place as an urban space that is both central and structuring.

RECUPERATION

这个地方的重新开发涉及到保护和加强形成广场的一些原始元素。为此，曾经围绕种植床的“深灰色”花岗岩铺路机被重新用于表面铺路，就像Edwin J.Skapsts在1960年安装时在现场添加的镶有青铜花的花岗岩铺路机一样。一个由花岗岩制成的带有四个喷水装置的饮水机，也可以追溯到1960年，作为新开发项目的一部分，已经修复。
The redevelopment of the Place involves the conservation and enhancement of several of the original elements that shaped the square. To this end, the ‘Dark Grey’ granite pavers that once surrounded the planting beds have been re-used in the surface paving, just like the granite pavers inlaid with the bronze fleurs-de-lis that were added to the site during the installations carried out in 1960 by Edwin J. Skapsts. A drinking fountain made of granite with four water jet mechanisms, also dating from 1960, has been restored as part of the new development for the Place.

TRANSPLANTATION AND NEW VEGETATION

Eighteen Ohio Buckeye trees, four small-leaf lime trees and two Pennsylvania oak trees were planted around the square in 1960 during a full redevelopment to modernize the Place. After reaching sizes that no longer provided the filtering effect sought in the initial design, these trees were moved to Parc Maisonneuve to ensure their conservation.
Today, the vegetation grid distinguishes the centre of the square from the system of streets surrounding it. Interrupting the straight lines, it presents planting that is more mobile, in line with the fragmented canvas of the mosaic.

STREET FURNITURE

随着时间的推移，运动的多样性为街道家具慷慨统一的本质注入了活力。该广场是对旧蒙特利尔典型街道家具的诠释，它提供了一系列公共长椅，这些长椅的布置类似于聚会。灯光照亮了周围的建筑，根据活动和季节而变化。
As the days unfold, the diversity of the movements breathes life into the generous, unifying nature of the street furniture. An interpretation of the street furniture typical of Old Montreal, the square offers a series of communal benches arranged to resemble a gathering. The lighting illuminates the surrounding buildings, changing according to the event and the season.

THE RHYTHM OF THE SPACES

作为广场的固有特征，人们参与并为场地的搭建做出贡献，就像街道家具、照明和植被一样。作为移动组件，它们反映了站点的节奏，有时不安，有时平静。因此，广场重新找回了它作为问候和交流场所的使命。在这里，我们可以漫步，我们可以探索蒙特利尔的一大片历史，我们可以欣赏周围的建筑环境，我们可以认识其他人。
Intrinsic to the square, people participate in and contribute to the staging of the site in the same way as the street furniture, the lighting and the vegetation. As mobile components, they reflect the rhythm of the site, sometimes restless, sometimes peaceful. The square has thus recaptured its vocation as a place for greeting and exchange. Here we can stroll, we can explore a large slice of Montreal’s history, we can admire its surrounding built environment and we can meet other people.

SPECIAL FEATURES AND CHALLENGES

•照明场所，以补充周围建筑物的照明。
• Site is part of the historic Borough of Old Montreal, and thus subject to numerous development constraints and approvals.
• Sensitive site situated in the heart of an older historic heritage area.
• Development of the Place in a “shared zone”, a new concept in Montreal, and one which requires much research, approvals and discussions.
• Mix of numerous forms of transportation (pedestrians, cyclists, horse-drawn carriages, buses, taxis, cars, etc.).
• Archeological remains and showcasing of two vestiges: Gadois wells and the former Notre-Dame church.
• Restoration and enhancement of the central monument and its water basin.
• Partial renovation of the former vespasiennes with a view to re-using them in the future, with no alterations to their heritage integrity before knowing what their subsequent use will involve.
• Illuminating the Place, to complement the lighting for the surrounding buildings.

图片来源：伊莎贝尔·梅西耶·莫罗、凯西娅·莱杜克、包州·阮、伯纳德·路易·贝尔托、马丁娜·莱萨德、伊莎贝尔·贾松、贝诺特·古德雷奥
Landscape Architecture: Groupe IBI-CHBA Cardinal Hardy
Completion Date: September 2011
Project Location: Old Montreal, in front of the Notre-Dame Basilica, Montreal, Canada
Schematic Design: Marie-Claude Séguin, Groupe IBI-CHBA, François Rioux, Groupe IBI-CHBA, Joanne Godin, Groupe IBI-CHBA, Robert Desjardins, Ville de Montréal, Luu Nguyen, Ville de Montréal
Construction Costs: Lot 1 – Partial renovation of the former vespasiennes: 1.7 M$, Lot 2 – Renewal of Place d’Armes: 12.5 M$
Total: 14.2 M$
Client: Ville de Montréal and Quebec Gouvernement
Sub-Consultants: Les Services EXP / Morelli Designers / Éclairage Public / Luc Nadeau, ingénieur forestier / Luce Lafontaine, architecte / Jonathan Cha, urbanologue / Claude Cormier et Associés
Size: 9020 square meters
Average cost of 1,575$/square meter
Photos credit: Isabelle Messier-Moreau, Kathia Leduc, Bao Chau Nguyen, Bernard Lewy-Bertaut, Martine Lessard, Isabelle Giasson, Benoit Goudreault