GAMPA和Sféra与Pardubice/Shépka建筑公司的自动磨坊公共空间

GAMPA和Sféra与Pardubice/Shépka建筑公司的自动磨坊公共空间
GAMPA and Sféra with Public Spaces of Automatic Mills in Pardubice / Šépka architekti

项目总体规划与历史文脉的融合：该项目最显著的亮点在于其对历史文脉的尊重与创新。设计者巧妙地将新的建筑群融入到帕尔杜比采原有Winternitz自动磨坊的肌理中，保留并突出了历史建筑的核心地位。通过拆除部分现有建筑，增强了主要入口的视觉冲击力，并创造出两个功能和特征截然不同的公共空间，这种策略既尊重了历史，又为城市注入了新的活力。项目不仅考虑了建筑本身的功能性，还考虑了其与周边环境的互动，创造了一种由文艺复兴城堡、佩尔什泰因广场和自动磨坊综合体组成的城市空间三角关系，体现了对城市肌理的深刻理解。

建筑的材质与色彩语言的统一：项目的精髓体现在对建筑材质的真实性和色彩语言的统一性上。设计者坚持“诚实”的建筑表达，真实呈现建筑结构和材料的本质，砖砌墙体、裸露的混凝土结构以及耐候钢板的外壳，都展现了建筑材料本身的魅力。这种对材料的真实运用，不仅是对历史建筑的呼应，也是对现代建筑设计的一种探索。此外，项目对色彩的统一处理，通过协调新建筑与自动磨坊砖块的颜色，使整个区域更加和谐统一，避免了不同功能建筑带来的视觉混乱，体现了设计者对整体性和细节的极致追求。这种统一的色彩语言贯穿于建筑的内外，强调了空间的整体性和延续性。

功能与空间的多元化与创新：项目在功能和空间设计上展现了极大的创新性。GAMPA和Sféra两个建筑在空间上相互依存，GAMPA画廊的底层设计与公共空间紧密相连，而Sféra的上方设计则保证了学生工作的安静环境。新建筑群内，圆形剧场、设计广场和磨坊庭院等不同功能的公共空间，为文化、教育和休闲活动提供了多样化的选择。特别是Sféra的教学空间，设计精良的教室和实验室，以及为学龄前儿童设计的游乐场，体现了对不同年龄段人群需求的关注。项目还将建筑与周边的景观结合，例如灌溉水渠的设计，增强了空间的艺术性和实用性。

建筑师提供的文字描述位于Pardubice的前Winternitz Automatic Mills综合体是建筑师Josef Gočár的首批实现之一，于2013年停止使用。一年后，它成为了国家文化纪念碑。我们的目的是将列出的建筑整合到新的综合体中，在那里它将处于中心位置。该市、该地区和一位私人在经济上参与了整个活动。其目的是为文化、教育机构和私人活动创造一个新的多功能城市空间。因此，一种重要的城市空间和物体的三角形被创造出来，由文艺复兴时期的城堡、Perštýn广场和自动磨坊综合体组成。通过拆除一些现有建筑，我们用入口拱门加强了主要的正门，同时允许从城市历史部分一侧无障碍地看到整个遗址。从振兴工厂的角度来看，创造两个有意具有不同特征和功能的新公共空间是绝对必要的。我们用一个带有悬铃木球果的设计广场来确认主入口，在那里，一条由砖块制成的灌溉水渠通向每棵树。这主要是一个安静的、有代表性的切入点，但我们假设，例如，市场可以在这里举行。在新建筑群内，我们正在建造磨坊庭院，这将是一个热闹的空间，可以在露天举办展览、音乐会或戏剧表演。拟议的公共空间仅考虑行人通行。整体概念的一个组成部分是色彩解决方案。整个建筑群包括许多不同功能的物体，由四个建筑工作室处理。因此，协调各个计划非常重要。我们的努力是将所有新的干预措施协调成一种统一的颜色，遵循自动磨坊现有的砖块颜色。通过这种方式，我们希望使整个区域更加统一，包括由砖块和红色砂浆制成的步行区。具有各种功能用途的单个物体的多样性不应造成混乱的印象。
Text description provided by the architects. The complex of the former Winternitz Automatic Mills in Pardubice, one of the first implementations of the architect Josef Gočár, ceased to serve its purpose in 2013. A year later, it became a national cultural monument. Our intention was to integrate the listed building into the new complex, where it will have a central position. The city, the region and a private person participated financially in the whole event. The aim was to create a new multifunctional urban space for cultural, educational institutions, and private activities. Thus, a kind of triangle of important urban spaces and objects was created, consisting of the Renaissance castle, Perštýn Square and the complex of the Automatic Mills. By removing some existing buildings, we enhance the dominant frontal portal with the entrance arch and at the same time allow an unobstructed view of the entire site from the side of the historic part of the city. The creation of two new public spaces, which intentionally have a different character and function, is absolutely fundamental from the point of view of the revitalization of the mills. We confirm the main entrance with a designed square with a sycamore bosquet, where a water channel made of bricks for irrigation is led to each tree. It is primarily a quiet, representative entry point, but we assume that, for example, markets can be held here. Inside the new complex, we are creating the Mill Courtyard, which will be a lively space for holding exhibitions, concerts, or theatre performances in the open air. The proposed public spaces are considered only for the movement of pedestrians. An integral part of the overall concept is the colour solution. The entire complex includes a number of objects of various functions, which were treated by four architectural studios. It was therefore very important to coordinate individual plans together. Our effort was to harmonize all new interventions into a uniform colour that follows the existing brick colour of the Automatic Mills. With this, we wanted to make the entire area more unified, including the walking areas, which are made of bricks and red mortar. The variety of individual objects with various functional uses should not create a chaotic impression.

GAMPA和Sféry的新建筑从北侧包围了Pardubice前Winternitz自动磨坊综合体的拟建街区。这是由该市资助的两个项目，每个项目都有自己的特别计划。Pardubice市美术馆（GAMPA）位于一楼，中央理工学院工作室（Sféra）的物体悬浮在其上方。我们在两者之间留出了一个间隙，以观察周围的环境，这样新建筑的大块就不会成为障碍。得益于Sféra大楼的高度，学生工作所需的安静在较高的楼层得到了保证，而位于较低楼层的GAMPA则与公共空间更加相连。画廊代表了一种基座；它的屋顶也是公众可以进入的。这座建筑完全是砖砌的，与自动磨坊的公共空间相连，因此，这里有一个可容纳250人的圆形剧场，可以在夏天组织许多露天活动，这为自动磨坊增添了另一个维度。室外场景被车间体量的悬挑部分覆盖，可以用可伸缩的遮阳帘完全覆盖。从公共空间，游客可以直接进入门厅，那里有接待处、衣帽间和厕所。此外，可以直接前往画廊，画廊环绕着所考虑区域的整个周边，设计在两层楼以上。我们主要在所有展厅使用头顶照明，然后在主要区域，我们故意从窗户看到整个工厂综合体的主入口。画廊分为几个房间，可以用滑动门和手风琴门关闭。因此，这里可以举办许多不同的展览，或者一个更大的展览。在夏季，可以借助朝向庭院的滑动墙完全打开花坛，并与画廊内部建立更大的联系。办公室位于二楼，可通过单独的楼梯进入。在治疗区的对面，有一个住宅工作室，供来访的艺术家工作。
The new building of the GAMPA and Sféry encloses the proposed block of the complex of the former Winternitz automatic mills in Pardubice from the north side. These are two objects financed by the city, each of which has its own special programme. The Gallery of the City of Pardubice – GAMPA – is located on the ground floor, and the object of the Central Polytechnic Workshops – Sféra levitates above it. We left a gap between the two with a view to the surroundings so that the large mass of the new building does not act as a barrier. Thanks to the elevation of the Sféra building, the quiet necessary for students' work is ensured on the higher floors, while GAMPA, which is located in the lower part, is more connected to the public space. The gallery represents a kind of plinth; its roof is also publicly accessible. The building is completely brick and connects to the public space of the Automatic Mills, which thus acquires another dimension by the fact that an amphitheatre for 250 people is located here, where a number of open-air events can be organized in the summer. The outdoor scene is covered by the cantilevered part of the workshop mass and it is possible to completely cover it with a retractable blind. From the public space, the visitor can enter directly into the foyer, where the reception, cloakrooms and toilets are located. Furthermore, it is possible to continue directly to the gallery, which goes around the entire circumference of the area under consideration and is designed over two floors. We primarily work with overhead lighting in all exhibition halls, then in the main area we deliberately allow a view from the window towards the main entrance to the entire mill complex. The gallery is divided into several rooms that can be closed with sliding and accordion doors. Therefore, a number of different exhibitions, or one larger exhibition, can be held here. In summer, it is possible to completely open the parterre with the help of sliding walls towards the courtyard and allow a greater connection with the interior of the gallery. The offices are located on the second floor and are accessible via a separate staircase. In the opposite part of the treated area, there is a residential studio intended for the work of visiting artists.

Sféra位于GAMPA上方，可通过两个楼梯进入，同时为物体提供静态支撑。这些讲习班主要面向中小学生，为教授技术和自然科学提供一流的教室和实验室。位于地上四层的入口大厅是接待室和衣帽间的所在地，可以通过一层的主入口到达，该主入口也是画廊的入口。上述楼梯和电梯都可以实现垂直通信，而我们总是将其中一个作为主入口，另一个作为逃生路线。两层楼的两侧各有两间教室，即车间或实验室。员工休息室位于入口大厅和教室旁边。对面有厕所。在建筑的中心，我们设计了一个两层的投影空间，其中有一个位于中心的球体，可以投影和模拟我们星球的自然现象。纺织、图形、木材和金属车间的下层有天然的窗户照明。相反，位于顶层的物理、化学、自然科学和机器人实验室有头顶照明，天窗上覆盖着金字塔形状的阴影。在实验室的同一楼层，我们还发现了一个带球形游乐场的房间，这是为学龄前儿童设计的，他们可以在那里以游戏的形式了解自然和物理现象。为了更好地定位，我们与UMPRUM（布拉格艺术、建筑和设计学院）的教师和学生合作，创造性地设计了针对个人研讨会的谈判利基。拼贴画由木材、纺织品、金属和图形矩阵制成。屋顶的一部分有一个锅炉房和一个机舱，可以通过一个垂直楼梯进入。
Sféra is located above the GAMPA and is accessible by two staircases, which at the same time create a static support for the object. The workshops are intended primarily for primary and secondary school students and offer top-class equipped classrooms and laboratories for teaching technical and natural sciences. The entrance hall on the fourth above-ground floor, where the reception and cloakrooms are located, can be reached through the main entrance on the ground floor, which also serves as an entrance to the gallery. Vertical communication is enabled by both the mentioned staircases and lifts, while we always declare one as the main entrance and the other as an escape route. Each of the two floors has two classrooms on the sides, namely workshops or laboratories. A staff room is located next to the entrance hall and classrooms. There are toilets opposite. In the very centre of the building, we designed a two-story projection space with a centrally located sphere on which it is possible to project and simulate the natural phenomena of our planet. The lower floor of the textile, graphics, wood, and metal workshops has natural window lighting. On the contrary, the laboratories of physics, chemistry, natural science, and robotics on the top floor have overhead lighting with skylights covered by shades in the form of pyramids. On the same floor as the laboratories, we also find a room with a spherical playground, which is intended for preschool children and where they get to know natural and physical phenomena in the form of games. For better orientation, in collaboration with UMPRUM (Academy of Arts, Architecture, and Design in Prague) teachers and students, we designed creatively negotiated niches that respond to individual workshops. Collages were created from wood, textile, metal, and graphic matrices. In part of the roof there is a boiler room with an engine room, accessible by one of the vertical staircases.

在解决对象时，我们问自己建筑表达的真实性问题。我们的答案是公认的结构和材料设计。我们看到的砖块实际上是砖石承重墙，有外露混凝土的地方是承重混凝土结构，有耐候钢板覆层的地方是非承重板壳。我们的努力是在内部和外部设计出连贯的材料设计。画廊的下部是砖砌的，因此遵循了工厂的工业建筑。未覆盖灰泥的砖砌工程不仅意味着参考了列入古迹的建筑，而且是墙壁本身的自然效果，在塑造空间方面起着核心作用。这是一堵“裸”墙，不需要覆盖，但需要精心制作。其他结构元素也是如此，如天花板、墙壁和地板。整个建筑告诉我们它到底是怎么建造的。我们将所有材料与砖砌体进行颜色匹配。就混凝土而言，在混合颜色之前，必须浇注近30个不同的立方体样品。我们决定把这些立方体砌成入口大厅的砖墙，以纪念找到合适的阴凉处。就车间而言，我们使用彩色混凝土建造结构和地板。车间的建造基于3×3米网格中的承重混凝土肋，这些肋在立面附近的边缘支撑X梁。我们得到帮助，用一米长的横梁将九米长的跨度连接起来，横梁上有开口，可以在内部安装经批准的配电系统。因此，教室不必有额外的内部支持。X梁是一种混合穿孔墙，同时为周围的整个建筑通风。外部放置有覆盖有耐候钢板的隔热轻质面板。
When solving the object, we asked ourselves the question of the truthfulness of the architectural expression. Our answer is recognized construction and material design. Where we see the bricks are actually masonry load-bearing walls, where there is exposed concrete, it is a load-bearing concrete structure, and where there is weathering-steel sheet cladding, there is a non-load-bearing shell of panels. The effort was to design a coherent material design in the interior and exterior. The lower part of the gallery is brick, and thus follows the industrial construction of the mills. Brickwork not covered with plaster does not only mean a reference to a monument-listed building, but it is a natural effect of the wall itself, which plays a central role in shaping the space. It is a "bare" wall that does not need to be covered, but requires careful craftsmanship. The same can be said about other structural elements, such as ceilings, walls, and floors. The entire building tells us what and how it was really made. We colour matched all the materials to the brickwork. In the case of concrete, almost 30 different samples in the form of cubes had to be cast before the colour could be mixed. We decided to wall these cubes into the brickwork in the entrance hall as a memory of finding the right shade. In the case of the workshops, we used coloured concrete for the structures and floors. The construction of the workshops is based on load-bearing concrete ribs in a grid of 3 × 3 meters, which support X-beams at the edges near the façade. We are helped to bridge the nine-meter spans by one-meter beams with openings that allow the installation of approved distribution systems in the interior. Thus, classrooms do not have to have additional internal supports. X-beams are a kind of hybrid perforated wall, which at the same time ventilate the entire building around the perimeter. Light panels with insulation, covered with weathering-steel sheet, are placed on the outside.