卡罗维发利音乐厅/Peter Hájek Architekti

卡罗维发利音乐厅/Peter Hájek Architekti
Concert Hall in Karlovy Vary / Petr Hájek Architekti

创新理念与功能融合：该项目最显著的亮点在于其对历史建筑的巧妙改造与功能创新。设计团队深入挖掘了原帝国水疗中心的历史背景，特别是其机械化运作的“泥煤机”这一特色，将其转化为设计灵感，而非简单地复制。这种对历史的尊重与对现代功能的追求完美结合，将一个废弃的旧建筑赋予了新的生命力。音乐厅的核心设计，如“变压器”和“瑞士军刀”的隐喻，体现了其多功能性和适应性，能够满足各种文化活动的需求，这在当下对建筑功能多样性的要求中极具前瞻性。

声学与舞台技术的精湛运用：项目的精髓在于对声学和舞台技术的极致追求。音乐厅内部配备了精密的声学调节系统，包括可伸缩的屏幕、旋转面板和共鸣器，这些元素并非简单的装饰，而是深度集成的建筑组成部分，旨在实现对混响时间、声音方向和强度的精准控制。这种技术与建筑的融合，为各种类型的演出提供了最佳的声学环境，满足了不同表演形式对声学效果的苛刻要求。此外，大厅的结构设计也充分考虑了舞台设施的集成，确保了视觉和听觉上的和谐统一。

建造挑战与空间利用的智慧：项目在建造层面也展现了卓越的设计智慧。由于建筑结构限制，大型结构部件无法直接运入中庭，设计团队不得不采用化整为零的策略，通过屋顶开口进行组件的运输和组装。这种巧妙的施工方案克服了空间上的局限，充分体现了设计团队的专业性和解决问题的能力。同时，项目也实现了对空间的最大化利用，将通风、消防安全等系统巧妙地布置在建筑的其他区域，确保了内部空间的完整性和功能性，使得整个建筑在结构、功能和美学上达到了完美的平衡。

建筑师提供的文字描述帝国水疗中心的历史建筑于1895年完工，其建筑风格和水疗技术在当时都很引人注目。在19世纪下半叶，开创性的发明被创造出来。托马斯·阿尔瓦·爱迪生发明了灯泡，尼古拉·特斯拉开发了感应电机，亚历山大·贝尔建造了电话，卡尔·本茨和戈特利布·戴姆勒推出了第一辆内燃机汽车，亨利·吉法德设计了一艘可操纵的飞艇。在同一时期，儒勒·凡尔纳写了小说《从地球到月球》，克劳德·莫奈画了标志性的《印象，日出》。
Text description provided by the architects. The historic building of the Imperial Spa, completed in 1895, was remarkable in its time for both its architecture and spa technologies. In the second half of the 19th century, groundbreaking inventions were created. Thomas Alva Edison invented the light bulb, Nikola Tesla developed the induction motor, Alexander Bell built the telephone, Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler introduced the first internal combustion engine car, and Henri Giffard designed a steerable airship. During the same era, Jules Verne wrote the novelFrom the Earth to the Moon, and Claude Monet painted the iconicImpression, Sunrise.

Plan

技术进步和用钢制造复杂机械的能力也反映在帝国水疗中心的设计中。建筑师Ferdinand Fellner和Hermann Helmer采用了一种独特的机制来处理和分配泥炭。泥炭通过输送机和电梯从加工设施运送到多层洗浴区。这个高效的系统每天可让多达2000名客人使用100个浴室，尽管最初的预算超出了一倍，但仍能确保快速的投资回报。
Technological progress and the ability to construct complex mechanical machines from steel were also reflected in the design of the Imperial Spa. Architects Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer incorporated a unique mechanism for processing and distributing peat. The peat was transported by conveyor and elevator from a processing facility to multi-story bathing areas. This efficient system enabled up to 2,000 guests per day to use 100 baths, ensuring a quick return on investment despite the initial budget being exceeded by double.

在20世纪和21世纪之交，这座建筑只是偶尔用于文化活动，逐渐失修。人们寻求一个有意义的目的来证明昂贵的重建是合理的。即使在建筑工程的准备阶段，这种情况也一直存在。最终，投资者决定将帝国水疗中心改造成一个文化机构，以音乐会和多功能厅为中心特色。这个大厅位于建筑的核心，中庭内，以前是一个带泥炭输送机的实用机房。历史悠久的“泥煤机”成为我们设计的灵感来源。由于没有计划恢复水疗中心的运营，只保留了原始结构中的几根铸铁柱，因此有机会引入一种新的“机器”——在这种情况下，它采用了最先进的风景和声学技术。大厅的设计就像一个“变压器”，能够根据每个活动的具体需求调整空间和声学参数。大厅可以比作一把“瑞士军刀”，提供多种功能。
At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the building was used only occasionally for cultural events and gradually fell into disrepair. A meaningful purpose was sought to justify the costly reconstruction. This situation persisted even during the preparation phase for the building works. Eventually, the investor decided to transform the Imperial Spa into a cultural institution, with a concert and multifunctional hall as its central feature. This hall was located in the building's core, within the atrium, which had previously functioned as a utilitarian machine room with the peat conveyor. The historical "peat machine" became the inspiration for our design. Since the restoration of spa operations was not planned and only a few cast-iron columns from the original structure had been preserved, there was an opportunity to introduce a new "machine" – in this case, featuring state-of-the-art scenic and acoustic technology. The hall's design functions as a "transformer," capable of adapting spatial and acoustic parameters to the specific needs of each event. The hall can be compared to a "Swiss army knife" offering a variety of functions.

大厅配备了调节混响时间以及声能方向和强度的元件。管弦乐外壳有一个可伸缩的屏幕，可以向观众反射声音。舞台上方的旋转三角形面板可以反射、吸收、散射或引导声音。管弦乐队地板上的钢框架上的木板充当共鸣器，与音乐家的乐器相协调。
The hall is equipped with elements that adjust reverberation time, as well as the direction and intensity of sound energy. The orchestral shell features a retractable screen that reflects sound towards the audience. Rotating triangular panels above the stage can reflect, absorb, scatter, or direct sound. Wooden panels on a steel framework in the orchestra's floor serve as resonators, harmonizing with the musicians' instruments.

Section

大厅配备了技术，可容纳音乐会、戏剧表演、舞蹈、会议、电影放映和流行音乐。厚重的遮光帘使空间完全变暗，并具有隔音效果。所有景观和声学技术都集成在大厅的结构中，而通风和消防安全系统则安装在主楼梯屋顶上方的一个街区内。大厅的建造具有挑战性，因为大型结构部件无法运送到中庭。所有零件都必须由通过屋顶开口运输的较小元件组装而成。
The hall is fitted with technology to accommodate concerts, theater performances, dance, conferences, film screenings, and popular music. A heavy blackout curtain allows the space to be completely darkened and acoustically dampened. All scenic and acoustic technologies are integrated into the hall's structure, while ventilation and fire safety systems are housed in a block above the main staircase roof. The construction of the hall was challenging, as large structural components could not be transported into the atrium. All parts had to be assembled from smaller elements transported through an opening in the roof.