Scolaire Jean Macé/NTSA建筑集团

Scolaire Jean Macé/NTSA建筑集团
Groupe Scolaire Jean Macé / NTSA Architectes

可持续与创新的融合：该项目最令人印象深刻的亮点在于其对可持续建筑材料的创新运用。800平方米的承重夯土墙是项目的核心，这不仅是对传统建造技术的致敬，更是对环境友好型建筑理念的实践。采用未经改良的生土，从现场50公里外提取，并以传统方法现场夯筑，体现了对当地资源的充分利用和对碳足迹的最小化。此外，项目还结合了木纤维、胶合板等材料，提升了建筑的热舒适性，并运用光伏发电和雨水收集系统，进一步增强了其环境友好性，树立了现代建筑可持续发展的典范。

空间布局的巧妙与实用：项目的空间布局体现了建筑师对功能性与美观性的完美结合。通过对城市规划、地块形状和现有建筑的深入分析，建筑师将扩建部分分为三个体量，与原有建筑自然衔接。两个直角排列的体量扩展了学校的教学空间，并考虑了采光和通风，为学生提供了舒适的学习环境。方形平面设计的扩建部分则创造了一个大型有盖庭院和多层户外空间，丰富了学生的活动场所。体育馆的独立设置既保证了其功能性，也方便了校外人士的使用，体现了对社区共享空间的重视。这种细致的空间规划，使项目在满足功能需求的同时，也提升了建筑的整体品质。

尊重历史与展望未来的统一：该项目的一个重要精髓在于它既尊重了现有建筑的历史文脉，又展现了对未来建筑的展望。在扩建部分，建筑师大胆采用了夯土墙这一古老技术，体现了对传统建造工艺的尊重和传承。同时，对原有建筑的立面进行了细致的修复和改造，保留了其历史风貌。在新旧建筑的衔接处，通过现代化的设计手法，如铝制凸窗，营造出明亮舒适的接待区域，实现了历史与现代的和谐统一。这种既保留历史韵味，又融入时代精神的设计理念，使该项目成为一个具有深远意义的建筑作品，引领着建筑设计向更可持续、更具文化底蕴的方向发展。

建筑师提供的文字描述Jean Macé学校团体推广项目支持专业知识、清醒和常识。它实现了前所未有的雄心壮志，800平方米的承重夯土墙完全由未经改良和未稳定的生土组成，从现场提取了50公里，并采用传统方法在现场实施。在一个大型公共委员会的框架内，这一古老的专有技术在当代建筑项目中占据了应有的地位。
Text description provided by the architects. The Jean Macé School Group Extension project takes a stand in favor of know-how, sobriety, and common sense. It achieved its unprecedented ambitions with 800 m² of load-bearing rammed earth walls composed exclusively of unmodified and unstabilized raw earth, extracted 50 km from the site, and implemented using the traditional method in situ. This age-old know-how takes its rightful place in a contemporary architectural project, within the framework of a major public commission.

Ground Floor Plan

扩建的位置对于项目成功融入其现场至关重要。城市规划规定、地块形状和现有学校的对称类型是我们寻找体积的三个关键参数。这些因素促使我们将该项目分为三卷。前两个呈直角排列，延伸了现有的东翼和西翼，尽可能自然地延伸了学校的课程，同时尊重了现有建筑立面的对齐和距离外部+80厘米的底层的连续性。这两栋楼设有10间额外的教室和一间70个座位的食堂，为工作人员和送货人员提供专门的技术通道。在毗邻教室的走廊上，为学生提供了配有水槽和衣钩的木制家具。后者自然采光通风，有些还配备了可移动的隔板，可以分成两部分。
The location of the extension was crucial for the successful integration of the project into its site. The urban planning regulations, the shape of the plot, and the symmetrical typology of the existing school were the three key parameters in our search for volume. These elements led us to develop the project in three main volumes. The first two, arranged at right angles, extend the existing East and West wings to extend the school's program as naturally as possible while respecting both the alignment of the facades of the existing building and the continuity of its ground floor level, located +80 cm from the exterior. These two buildings house 10 additional classrooms as well as a 70-seat refectory with dedicated technical access for staff and deliveries. Wooden furniture equipped with troughs and coat hooks is provided for students in the corridors adjoining the classrooms. The latter are lit and ventilated naturally and some are equipped with movable partitions allowing them to be split into two.

1st Floor Plan

扩建的方形平面图允许通过在各种游戏设置的中心提供一个大型有盖庭院来构建扩大的游乐场。我们还利用R+1项目的发展，在上层创造了户外空间：露台、走道和菜园。最后，位于地块后面的第三卷是专门介绍体育馆及其毗邻场所的。这个位置使它可以从学校和自由街直接进入，从而使各种协会可以在课余时间使用它。将体育馆设置在远离街道的地方，可以创建一个前院，确保人流的管理和安全，以及建筑的分期。除了项目的建筑和功能整合外，扩建部分的两个方形体量由混凝土和夯土组成的混合结构组成。所有外围墙均由未稳定的承重夯土制成，并在地震带环境中起支撑作用。对地球进行表征和实验的一个阶段使得在预定义的监管框架内证明其结构能力成为可能。
This square plan of the extension allows the enlarged playground to be structured by providing it with a large covered courtyard in the center of the various games set up. We also took advantage of the development of the program in R+1 to create outdoor spaces on the upper floor: terraces, walkways, and vegetable gardens. Finally, the third volume located at the back of the plot is dedicated to the Gymnasium and its adjoining premises. This location allows it to have direct access both from the school and from Rue de la Liberté, thus making it possible for the various associations to use it outside of school hours. Setting the Gymnasium back from the street allowed the creation of a forecourt ensuring the management and security of flows as well as the staging of the building. In addition to the architectural and functional integration of the project, the two square volumes housing the extension are made up of a hybrid structure composed of concrete and rammed earth. All of the peripheral walls are made of unstabilized load-bearing rammed earth and are bracing in a seismic zone context. A phase of characterization and experimentation of the earth made it possible to justify its structural capacity within the predefined regulatory framework.

在内部，木纤维和胶合板衬里提高了建筑的热舒适性。剪力墙由具有建筑风格的原混凝土制成。外部木制细木工制品提供自然采光，各种锁匠工作允许安装外部楼梯、护栏和遮阳篷。至于楼上的露台，它们由木条保护，形成温馨的地板。最后，屋顶是绿色和碎石的，可以收集雨水。体育馆配备了一个木框架，支撑着屋顶，并允许对结构进行支撑。它还支持一个光伏场为整个学校供电。对于现有部分，木纤维制成的外部隔热罩覆盖了所有立面。特别注意复制原始立面的所有装饰。在现有建筑内，新的贯通大厅取代了被拆除的中央楼梯，配备了两个大型铝制凸窗，为这个新的接待区带来了明亮而实用的舒适感，这使得重新认证历史建筑的入口成为可能。
On the interior side, lining in wood fiber and plywood improves the thermal comfort of the building. The shear walls are made of raw concrete with an architectonic finish. Exterior wooden joinery provides natural lighting and various locksmith works allow the installation of exterior stairs, guardrails, and awnings. As for the upstairs terraces, they are protected by wooden slats for a welcoming and warm floor. Finally, the roofs are green and graveled and allow rainwater to be collected. The Gymnasium is equipped with a wooden frame that supports the roof and allows the structure to be braced. It also supports a photovoltaic field to power the entire school group. For the existing part, an external thermal envelope in wood fiber covers all the facades. Particular care was taken to reproduce all the moldings of the original facade. Inside the existing building, the new through hall, created in place of the demolished central staircase, is equipped with two large aluminum bay windows, bringing luminous and practical comfort to this new reception area which has made it possible to requalify the entrance to the historic building.

这个复杂而创新的项目的完成证明了我们与所有利益相关者合作策划的几年集体工作。夯土外墙现在是城市环境的一部分，说明了这一古老的技术，并使建筑景观多样化。保护承重夯土，尽可能少地进行修改，是该项目的一个基本方向，其灵感来自社会和经济哲学。最后，住在当地的生土学校是参与我们孩子与环境和谐相处的生产和建筑方法教育的最佳方式之一，并为学校的年轻学生树立了一个具体的榜样，说明向更清醒和可持续的生活环境转变可能是什么。
The completion of this complex and innovative project is evidence of several years of collective work that we orchestrated in collaboration with all the stakeholders. The rammed earth facades that are now part of the urban context of the city illustrate this age-old know-how and diversify the built landscape. Defending a load-bearing rammed earth, with as few modifications as possible, is a fundamental direction of the project which is inspired by a social and economic philosophy. Finally, living in a local raw earth school is one of the best ways to participate in the education of our children on production and construction methods in harmony with our environment and constitutes a concrete example to the young occupants of the school of what the change towards a more sober and sustainable living environment could be.