瓦莱达奥斯塔大学校园/Mario Cucinella建筑师事务所

瓦莱达奥斯塔大学校园/Mario Cucinella建筑师事务所
Valle d’Aosta University Campus / Mario Cucinella Architects

历史与现代的融合：瓦莱达奥斯塔大学校园项目是历史与现代设计完美结合的典范。项目位于奥斯塔历史中心附近，通过对前Testafochi军营的保护和改造，成功地将历史建筑融入现代大学校园的功能需求中。新设计不仅保留了原有建筑的规划布局，还通过向城市开放，彻底改变了区域的功能和形象。这种对历史的尊重与现代功能的融合，使该项目成为奥斯塔的新地标，同时为城市提供了新的共享空间。

与自然和气候的对话：该项目展示了当代建筑与自然环境和气候的和谐共生。设计灵感来源于冰山，其颜色和形态与周边的雪山景观紧密相连，同时这种设计也带来了优异的能源性能。建筑的组织模式受到植物结构的启发，具有功能上的自主性。此外，项目通过扩大绿地遗产并将其整合为贯穿城市的系统，进一步强化了文化活动的可持续性。这种设计不仅提升了建筑的美学价值，也体现了对环境的深刻理解和尊重。

功能与形式的创新：前Zerboglio大楼的设计体现了功能与形式的完美结合。建筑的立面系统根据不同的朝向和功能需求进行了差异化设计。靠近教学空间的立面逐渐变得通透，优化了自然光的引入；而面向大学广场的立面则通过变形和压实，与城市空间融为一体，成为城市的装饰元素。此外，建筑的功能布局也极具创新性，如将自助餐厅和主厅入口设置在一楼，增强了空间的“可渗透性”，为学生和城市居民提供了便利。这种设计不仅满足了大学的功能需求，也为城市带来了新的活力。

建筑师提供的文字描述恢复一个新的文化活动场地-MCA的项目位于奥斯塔历史中心附近的中心地带，重点是保护和改造前Testafochi军营的现有主要建筑，以及建设大学校园。虽然该项目是当今奥斯塔的地标，但它尊重原始系统的规划安排，但通过向城市开放，彻底改变了整个地区。这些建筑旨在为各学院提供教学和共享活动空间，可容纳约2000名学生。新项目通过扩大绿地遗产并将其整合形成一个贯穿整个城市的系统来加强文化活动。
Text description provided by the architects. Recovering a site for new cultural activities - Located in a central area near Aosta's historic center, MCA's project focuses on conserving and repurposing the existing main buildings of the former Testafochi Barracks, and the construction of a university campus. Whilst the project is strongly recognizable as a landmark in present-day Aosta, it respects the plan arrangement of the original system but revolutionizes the whole area by opening it up to the city. The buildings are designed to contain spaces for teaching and shared activities for the various faculties, which can accommodate approximately 2000 students. The new project enhances cultural activities by expanding the heritage of green areas and integrating them to form a system that passes across the city.

Underground Floor Plan

与景观相结合的当代建筑——奥斯塔新大学校园的项目展示了如何构思与景观和气候相结合的现代建筑。我们选择冰山作为项目的灵感来源，这不是一种武断的或仅仅是一种正式的姿态。一方面，它的颜色和特征与白雪覆盖的高山景观建立了牢固的联系，摆脱了前军营的简朴僵硬。另一方面，它们产生了一种保证优异能源性能的形式。在大学内部，人们关注的是一种组织模式，在这种模式中，新建筑受到植物有机体中观察到的结构模式的启发，拥有自己固有的功能自主性。
Contemporary architecture that collaborates with the landscape - The project for the new university campus in Aosta exemplifies how it is possible to conceive of contemporary architecture that collaborates with the landscape and the climate. Our choice of the iceberg as an inspiration for the project is not an arbitrary or a merely formal gesture. On one hand, its colors and features establish a strong link with the snow-covered alpine landscape, departing from the austere rigidity of the former military barracks. On the other hand, they give rise to a form that guarantees excellent energy performance. Within the university, there is a focus on an organizational model in which the new building, inspired by the structural patterns observed in plant organisms, possesses its own inherent functional autonomy.

前Zerboglio大楼-该项目包括四层地上建筑（一楼、二楼和三楼）和两层地下室。当立面靠近教学空间时，它们从第一层向上逐渐变得不那么密集。几何特征和所用材料的这种变化取决于水平和方向，并优化了自然光的穿透和调制。另一方面，当立面与主要大学广场相邻时，表皮会变形并压实，使其尽可能地融为一体，有效地将新建筑立面的一部分转化为城市装饰元素。
The former Zerboglio Building - The project comprises four above-ground levels (ground floor, first, second, and third floor) and two basement levels. Where the facades are close to the teaching spaces, they gradually become less dense from the first level upwards. This variation in the geometric features and the materials used depends on the level and orientation and optimizes the penetration and modulation of natural daylight. On the other hand, where the facade is adjacent to the main university square, the skin is deformed and compacted so that it integrates as much as possible, effectively transforming a part of the facade of the new building into an element of urban embellishment.

Ground Floor Plan

前Zerboglio大楼的功能——自助餐厅和主厅入口被故意放置在靠近尽头的一楼。这一决定通过使一楼在视觉和物理上“可渗透”，增强了进入广场的便利性。所有地上楼层都有教学室，都朝向城市。所有的机房、服务管道和维护空间都在地下室，还有许多教育功能。两个计算机实验室位于一级。他们从新建筑旁边的广场大表面挖掘出的一个大露台/庭院获得自然采光和通风。主厅位于二楼，最多可容纳176人。向城市开放这个以前封闭的场地不仅意味着揭示其历史军事意义，还为城市提供了新的共享和生活空间。
The functions of the former Zerboglio Building - The cafeteria and the entrance to the Main Hall were deliberately placed on the ground floor near the ends. This decision enhances access to the square by making the ground floor visually and physically "permeable". There are teaching rooms at all the above-ground levels, all looking towards the city. All the plant rooms, service ducts, and maintenance spaces are at the basement levels, together with a number of educational functions. Two computer laboratories are at level -1. They receive natural daylight and ventilation from a large patio/courtyard excavated out of the large surface of the piazza, next to the new building. The Main Hall, which seats up to 176 people, is at level -2. Opening up this previously enclosed site to the city means not just uncovering its historical military significance but also providing the city with new spaces for sharing and living.

立面系统——就建筑的可识别性及其与外部空间的互动而言，立面系统无疑是最具决定性的元素。该系统在面向城市的一侧与面向广场的一侧的处理方式不同。在广场一侧，与流通空间相邻，创建了一个框架围护结构，由金属条和由Betacryl丙烯酸石制成的水平盒子组成。这些元素构成了立面玻璃和不透明部分的支撑结构，同时也起到了有效的太阳能屏蔽系统的作用。该建筑的结构由一系列钢筋混凝土墙支撑的大型钢筋混凝土楼板组成。除了能够在不需要支撑元件的情况下创建宽敞的区域外，该解决方案还在教室的定位方面提供了优势。
The facade system - In terms of the building's recognisability and its interaction with the external spaces, the facade system is undoubtedly the most defining element. This system is handled differently on the city-facing side as opposed to the side facing the piazza. On the piazza side, adjacent to the circulation spaces, a framed enclosure was created, consisting of metal strips and horizontal boxes made from Betacryl acrylic stone. These elements form the supporting structure for the glazed and opaque sections of the facade, while also acting as an effective solar screening system. The structure of the building consists of large reinforced concrete floors supported on a series of reinforced concrete walls. As well as enabling the creation of spacious areas without the need for supporting elements, this solution also provided an advantage in how the classrooms are positioned.

环境策略——分析该地点的典型气候条件是建造气候响应型建筑的基础。通过识别该场地的潜力以及太阳路径、阴影动态和暴露在盛行风中等关键问题，我们设计了一种解决方案，在利用环境资源支持其运营的同时，为极端天气条件提供有效保护。我们对现场太阳辐射的分析表明，它被山谷的南坡遮蔽了，尤其是在冬季。因此，对形式的优化提出了一种解决方案，即新建筑的存在对周围建筑的阳光照射量影响最小。每日和季节性的高温度波动，再加上上述因素，引导我们设计出体积形状，以最大限度地提高紧凑性，并具有很好的隔热性。围护结构和建筑服务的集成设计将确保建筑能耗低，同时利用可再生能源。
Environmental strategies - Analyzing the typical climatic conditions of the location was fundamental for constructing a climate-responsive building. By identifying the potential of the site and such critical issues as sun paths, shadow dynamics, and exposure to the prevailing winds, we designed a solution that provides effective protection against extreme weather conditions whilst exploiting the environmental resources to support its operation. Our analysis of solar radiation at the site showed that it was shaded by the southern slope of the valley, particularly in winter. Optimisation of the form therefore suggested a solution in which the presence of the new buildings only minimally affects the amount of sunlight falling on the surrounding buildings, if at all. The high daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations, combined with the factors mentioned above, guided us to design volumetric shapes that maximize compactness and are very well thermally insulated. The integrated design of the enclosures and building services will ensure that the buildings have low energy consumption while simultaneously utilizing renewable sources.