花园学校/JDAP - 园林吧

花园学校/JDAP
Garden School / JDAP

独特的垂直设计：花园学校在有限的空间内打造出垂直幼儿园的独特设计。面对狭小的地块和周边环境挑战，巧妙利用坡道环绕教室，实现自然过渡，增加了空间的趣味性和实用性。这种设计既满足了教学需求，又为孩子们提供了更多的游戏空间，让他们在城市中也能拥有自由探索的场所。

与城市的互动：学校通过精心设计的开口与城市建立联系，同时又能有效过滤刺眼阳光和减弱街道噪音。坡道作为“内部街道”，成为孩子们与外部互动的重要场所，展示作品、向朋友挥手等活动增强了他们的社交体验。这种设计让孩子们在学习的同时，也能感受到城市的存在，培养他们对周围环境的认知。

可持续的材料选择：学校在材料选择上注重简单、低维护和自然。天然石地板、硬木和阳极氧化铝等材料的运用，既保证了建筑的美观和耐用性，又符合可持续发展的理念。此外，颜色作为定位装置的设计也为学校增添了独特的魅力，使孩子们更容易识别不同的区域。

建筑师提供的文字描述这座城市，尤其是南亚的特大城市，对孩子来说是一个充满挑战的地方。为了学习和成长，她需要一个鼓励自由和探索的环境——在当今的城市，这些很难实现。孟买的花园学校被认为是一个保护性的空间，它避开了城市的压迫性习俗和限制，让孩子们自由。
Text description provided by the architects. The city in general, and a South Asian megacity in particular, is a challenging place for a child. To learn and grow, she needs an environment that fosters freedom and exploration – these are hard to come by in today's city. The Garden School in Mumbai is conceived as this protective space, holding off the oppressive conventions and constraints of the city, for a child to be free.

Form Development

这所幼儿园占地约450平方米，一端是一个杂草丛生的城中村，另一端是一条狭窄繁忙的街道，从一开始就很明显，这所幼儿园需要是一个垂直的幼儿园。在考虑了强制性挫折、楼梯和服务设施后，可用的占地面积最多只能容纳两间教室。我们决心在地面尽可能多地保留地块作为开放区域，以最大限度地增加游戏空间。当时的问题是，如何以尽可能自然的方式从地面教室过渡到高架教室。在设计阶段的早期，我们就开始考虑坡道的想法，以实现无缝过渡。然而，由于已经受到限制的足迹，以及向上跋涉对小女孩来说可能变得单调乏味，独立的坡道将被证明是不切实际的。
Set on a tiny plot of about 450 square meters and bordered by an overgrown urban village at one end and a narrow, busy street on the other, it was clear from the start that this kindergarten would need to be a vertical one. The available footprint, after accounting for mandatory setbacks, a staircase and services would accommodate two classrooms at best. We were determined to maintain as much of the plot as possible as an open area at ground level to maximize space for play. The question then was of enabling the transition from ground to the elevated classrooms in as natural a manner as possible. Very early in the design stage, we began toying with the idea of a ramp to make this transition seamless. However, an independent ramp would prove to be impractical both due to an already constrained footprint, and the possibility of the upward trudge becoming a tedium for the little girls.

Plan - Ground Floor

在我们研究这个想法的过程中，我们很幸运地发现，我们正在开发的柔软圆形形状的周长等于从一层楼到下一层楼所需的坡道长度。因此，坡道环绕着教室，四个角落有较浅的斜坡、楼梯和电梯连接，在教室入口处的一个大平台与地板相接。孩子们沿着坡道奔跑，沿着一个舒适的斜坡窥视教室，斜坡变成了将学校连接在一起的主要“街道”。在内部，我们的团队会开玩笑说，孩子们是会沿着坡道跑上去老师的房间，还是沿着坡道跑下It was fortuitous as we worked on the idea, that we discovered the perimeter of the soft, rounded form we were developing equaled the length of the ramp that was needed to traverse from one floor to the next. The ramp thus developed wrapping around the classrooms, with shallowed inclines at the four corners, stair and elevator connections, to meet the floor at a large landing at the entrance to the classrooms. Children race along the ramp, peeping into classrooms along a comfortable incline that turns the ramp into the primary 'street' that holds the school together. Internally our team would joke about whether children would race up the ramp to the teachers' rooms or down to the play areas – one of those two choices seemed easier, by design.

Ventilated Facade

Plan - 1st Floor

教室坐落在从地板平台延伸出来的斜坡上。沿着楼板边缘的倒梁可以形成一个干净的拱腹，外围梁形成了教室的自然边缘。其宽阔的台阶边缘使其可用于戏剧或舞蹈等活动，与升高的讲台相连。一旦进入教室，城市就变成了一个幻影——光线和形状通过坡道边缘的穿孔金属网过滤，街道的声音被减弱，因此学校的声音占据了主导地位。坡道作为“内部街道”，成为教室内孩子们与“外部”互动的地方，他们可以沿着玻璃墙展示自己的作品，或者在朋友经过时向他们挥手。
The classrooms sit in a dip leading from the floor landings. Inverted beams along the periphery of the slab allow a clean soffit all across, with the peripheral beam forming a natural edge to the classrooms. The edge with its wide steps allows it to be used for activities like drama or dance, connected to a raised podium. Once inside the classroom, the city becomes a phantom presence – light and forms filter through the perforated metal scrim at the edge of the ramp, and the sounds of the street are dampened so the sounds of the school take over. The ramp as the 'internal street' becomes the place where children from within the classroom interact with the 'outside' by displaying their work along the glazed walls or waving out to friends as they pass by.

与城市以外的联系是以孩子的规模来衡量的。一种低高度、带纱窗的开口沿着坡道的外边缘起伏。这些窗户经过校准，可以最大限度地减少正午刺眼的阳光进入建筑，同时也可以作为小窗户，孩子们可以从窗户看到城市的景色，或者向街对面的父母挥手致意。
Connection with the city beyond is measured and at the scale of a child. A pattern of low-height, screened openings rises and falls along the ramp's outer edge. These are calibrated to minimize the entry of the harsh mid-day sun into the building but also serve as little windows from which children may have a view of the city or wave out at their parents across the street.

Skin Selection

Elevation

从结构上讲，电梯井和另外五根柱子支撑着这座建筑。坡道悬挑在一根倒梁上，倒梁以不同的高度连接到每根柱子上。在上层，建筑外边缘的一组额外柱子被添加了一个转换层，以便在未来建筑扩建一两层时，可以在上面建造无柱大厅。五楼有内外两组柱子，是学校的多功能空间。材料饰面尽可能保持简单、低维护和自然——天然石地板、内部玻璃框架的硬木和旋转翅片，立面主要采用阳极氧化铝。颜色形成了一种重要的定位装置，坡道栏杆等元素的颜色在地板之间变化，外部鳍片的颜色在建筑的每个面上变化。
Structurally, the elevator shaft and five more columns hold up the building. The ramp is cantilevered off an inverted beam that connects to each of these columns at different heights. On the upper floor, an additional set of columns at the outer edge of the building gets added with a transfer floor so that column-free halls can be built above, should the building get extended by a floor or two in the future. The fifth floor, with both the inner and the outer set of columns, serves as a multifunctional space for the school. Material finishes are kept simple, low maintenance and natural wherever possible – natural stone floors, hardwood for internal glass framing and the pivoted fins, with the façade largely in anodized aluminum. Colour forms an important orientation device with the colour of elements like ramp railings changing from floor to floor and that of the external fins changing over each face of the building.