圣法勒尼基学校/MU建筑

圣法勒尼基学校/MU建筑
School Niki de Saint Phalle / MU Architecture

卓越环保设计：该项目以被动式设计理念打造，采用木框架和保温稻草，成为大东部地区第一所正能量学院及法国 R+3 地区首座由木材和稻草制成的 ERP。木材与生物源绝缘材料的运用，极大降低了碳影响并提高能源效率。此外，预制和组装的方式减轻了建筑重量，为生态转型做出了卓越贡献。

创新材料运用：在招标中，虽只要求生物源材料但未具体说明，MU 建筑公司积极探索，确定了制作稻草用于建筑的当地生产商。36 厘米厚的稻草捆包结合填料和纤维素纤维，开发出适应的木结构，木匠也得以训练使用新材，展现了创新精神。

空间高可读性：学院规划注重空间的可读性，让人轻松找到方向。从入口的宽阔视野到庭院，大入口大厅向两层开放，楼梯分阶段引导循环。木制拱腹增强空间阅读感，循环区域扩大提供舒适与自由使用空间，体现了以人为本的设计理念。

建筑师提供的文字描述该项目旨在实现卓越的环境。Niki de Saint-Phalle中学的建筑采用被动式设计（被动式房屋），采用木框架和保温稻草。它是大东部地区第一所正能量学院，也是法国R+3地区第一所由木材和稻草制成的ERP。材料的选择或程序的紧凑和功能分布的简单性为自由敞开了大门：体积灵活、可扩展，适应了中学不断更新的室内生活。”
Text description provided by the architects. The project aims for environmental excellence. Niki de Saint Phalle middle school is designed with a passive approach in the construction (Passivhaus), with its wooden frame and insulation straw. It is the first positive energy college in the Region Grand Est and the first ERP in R+3 made of wood and straw in France. The simplicity - in the choice of materials or the compact and functional distribution of the program opens up to freedom: the volumes, flexible and scalable, adapt to the always renewed interior life of a middle school.’’

Ground Floor Plan

木制建筑如果木材可以让森林生存并对抗温室效应，那么它是一种温暖、轻盈、坚固的材料，具有很高的湿热能力。木材的使用和生物源绝缘材料（稻草、木纤维和纤维素填料）的使用大大减少了该项目的碳影响，同时提高了其能源效率。此外，由于许多元件在车间预制和组装，“外壳”批次的重量大大减轻。
A wooden architecture. If wood allows forests to live and fight against the greenhouse effect, it is a warm, light, and solid material, with high hygrothermal power. The use of wood and the use of bio-sourced insulation (straw, wood fiber, and cellulose wadding) considerably reduce the carbon impact of the project, while improving its energy efficiency. In addition, the weight of the ‘shell’ lot has been greatly reduced since many elements have been prefabricated and assembled in the workshop.

还有稻草在招标书中，订约当局要求采用生物源材料，但没有具体说明。在洛林旅行时，MU建筑公司确定了那些制作稻草用于建筑的演员。当地生产商的机器生产36厘米厚的捆包，这是一个超出必要范围的大尺寸。这些比例要求开发一种完全适应的木结构。通过这个项目，木匠们能够训练稻草的使用，稻草与填料和纤维素纤维相结合。
And straw. In its call for tenders, the contracting authority requested the implementation of bio-sourced materials without these being specified. Traveling through Lorraine, MU Architecture identified actors whose production of straw is intended for construction. Local producers’ machines produce bales 36 centimeters thick, a generous size that goes beyond what is necessary. These proportions required the development of a perfectly adapted wooden structure. Through this project, the carpenters were able to train in the use of straw, which was combined with wadding and cellulose fiber.

为生态转型服务的设备。风扇和绝热发电厂通过全年保持恒温来确保学院内的热舒适性。整个建筑的设计也使其不需要供暖和制冷，能源需求低于15千瓦时/平方米（“法国近一半的建筑建于1975年之前。他们的平均消耗量约为240千瓦时一次能源/平方米/年，而目前的要求约为50千瓦时/平方米-年（来源：生态转型部）。从这个意义上说，厚墙是设计出来的；它们有60厘米厚，其中36个装满了稻草。所有技术细节，特别是结构和外壳之间的连接，都经过了完美的研究，以获得完全的气密性，从而符合Passivhaus标签。
Equipment at the service of the ecological transition. Fans and an adiabatic power plant ensure thermal comfort within the college by maintaining a constant temperature throughout the year. The whole has also been designed so that there is no need for heating and cooling and that energy needs are less than 15 kWhEP/m² (“Almost half of the buildings in France were built before 1975. Their average consumption is around 240 kWh primary energy/m²/year, whereas current requirements are around 50 kWh/m²/year” Source Ministry for Ecological Transition). Thick walls have, in this sense, been designed; they are 60 centimeters thick, 36 of which are filled with straw. All the technical details, in particular the junctions between the structure and the envelope, have been perfectly studied to obtain complete airtightness and thus meet the Passivhaus label.

空格的可读性尼基·德·圣法尔学院的规划是为了让每个人都能轻松找到自己的路。对空间及其衔接的直接理解是该项目的基本原则。从入口处，宽阔的视野通向庭院和庭院。大入口大厅也向两个上层敞开。赋予它活力的楼梯将循环分阶段进行。对整体的处理突显了该计划的可读性。大厅的木制拱腹特别是在里面的墙上翻转。这种物质性有助于轻松阅读空间。循环也被扩大，以提供更多的舒适感，但也有自由区域，可供任何类型的使用。
The readability of spaces. The plan of the Niki de Saint Phalle College has been designed so that everyone can find their way around easily. The immediate understanding of the spaces and their articulation is a founding principle of the project. From the entrance, a wide perspective leads to the courtyard and the courtyard. The large entrance hall is also generously open to the two upper levels. The staircase that animates it stages the circulations. This readability of the plan is underlined by the treatment of the whole. The wooden soffits of the hall are turned over in particular on the walls inside. This materiality contributes to easy reading of space. The circulations are also dilated to offer more comfort but also free areas, open to any type of use.