无锡市新芳实验中学/c+d设计中心

无锡市新芳实验中学/c+d设计中心
Wuxi Xinfang Experimental Middle School / c+d Design Center

创新布局策略：该项目在有限的场地和高密度要求下，采用了“后退”策略，这一策略巧妙地解决了众多难题。南低北高的布局确保了教室的阳光充足，建筑体量的挖空设计提供了良好的通风。同时，每层的露台设计为学生提供了更多户外活动空间，也使建筑尺度更加宜人。这种策略不仅满足了功能需求，还塑造了丰富生动的建筑形式，宛如一座山，从不同角度呈现出独特的视角。

丰富空间体验：尽管场地小、密度高，但设计师仍创造了一些极具体验性的建筑空间。沿河的两层公共空间、下沉式户外广场以及带露台的表演区和带天窗的开放空间等，为学生提供了休闲、互动、阅读和表演的场所。这些空间虽小，却充满了高度变化、光影和曲折，营造出了有趣的氛围，丰富了学生的校园生活。

独特立面设计：在建筑体积和空间确定后，立面设计延续了永江实验学校的做法并进行升级，呈现出“水波”效果，更具三维感。晚上开灯时，立面闪闪发光，与河水的倒影相映成趣，宛如一艘航行的大船。这种独特的立面设计不仅美观，还为建筑赋予了新的寓意，成为“没有皇家学习之路”的另一种解释。

建筑师提供的文字描述新芳实验中学位于无锡市新吴区新光路，西临春阳实验小学，东临江边。该项目的概念设计于2022年上海封锁期间完成，经过两年的深化设计和施工，该项目于今年9月成功开业。
Text description provided by the architects. Xinfang Experimental Middle School is located on Xinguang Road in Xinwu District, Wuxi, with Chunyang Experimental Primary School on the west and the river on the east. The conceptual design of this project was completed during Shanghai's lockdown period in 2022, and after two years' of deepening design and construction, this project was successfully opened in September of this year.

Diagram 02

该项目占地面积约15000平方米，需要提供30个班级，地上建筑面积17000平方米。毫无疑问，这不可避免地会导致高建筑面积比和高密度。同时，场地的三角形形状给建筑布局带来了更大的困难和挑战。此外，该项目最初是将现有的春阳小学扩建为初中。然而，该项目建成后，转为独立运营和使用。因此，整个设计遵循了扩张和重塑的逻辑。
With a site area of about 15,000 square meters, the project is required to provide 30 classes with an above-ground floor area of 17,000 square meters. Undoubtedly, this inevitably leads to a high floor area ratio and high density. At the same time, the triangular shape of the site brings greater difficulties and challenges for the architectural layout. Besides, this project was intended to be an expansion of the existing Chunyang Primary School as the junior high school at the beginning. However, after completion, the project was converted to independent operation and use. So the design as a whole follows the logic of expansion and remodeling.

基于上述条件，设计需要解决的问题非常明确：不仅要在现有建筑的基础上处理新旧建筑之间的整体关系，还要在高密度和高容积率的条件下提供适当的空间尺度和尽可能丰富的空间体验，同时尽可能充分利用场地的景观资源，与东侧的河流形成良好的对话。
Based on the conditions mentioned above, the problems that need to be solved by the design are very clear: not only to deal with the overall relationship between the old and new buildings on the basis of the existing buildings, but also to provide appropriate spatial scales and as rich as possible spatial experience under the conditions of high density and high floor area ratio, and at the same time, to make full use of the landscape resources of the site as much as possible, forming a good dialogue with the river on the east side.

纹理-现有小学建筑的主体采用传统的鱼骨式布局，中心有一条公共走廊，右侧左侧有三排或四排建筑体量，里面有标准教室和专业教室，形成了一个半封闭的公共庭院。在此基础上，设计直接与现有布局相对应，增加了四个新的鱼骨和东侧沿河的长直体量，扩大了现有小学原有的半开放式庭院空间，并将其围成三个新的景观庭院。庭院可以在一楼相互渗透。站在连接现有部分和新建部分的二楼室外平台上，可以看到两侧庭院中发生的活动。同时，它也使原来的六个相似的庭院彼此不同，具有不同的空间尺度和氛围，而新旧建筑自然地结合在一起。
Texture - The main body of the existing primary school building has a traditional fishbone layout, with a public corridor in the center and three or four rows of building volumes on the left of right side which are filled with standard classrooms and specialized classrooms, forming a semi-enclosed public courtyard in between. Based on this, the design corresponds to the existing layout directly with an addition of four new fishbones and a long straight volume along the river on the east side, which expands the original semi-open courtyard space of the existing primary school and encloses it into three new landscaped courtyards. The courtyards can penetrate into each other on the ground floor. Standing on the outdoor platform on the second floor which connects the existing part and the newly built part, one can see the activities happening in the courtyards on both sides. At the same time, it also makes the original six similar courtyards different from each other, with varied spatial scales and atmospheres, while the old and the new buildings are naturally combined as a whole.

后退-后退是该设计的关键策略，它解决了以下几个问题：
Stepping back - Stepping back is the key strategy of this design, which solves several problems as below:

© DC Alliance

更好的阳光和通风-建筑体积从最南端的2层上升到最北端的6层，形成了南低北高的布局，让尽可能多的教室获得足够的阳光。同时，在两个庭院之间的建筑体量的某个地方被挖空，形成通风路径，从而为更多的教室提供更好的通风。充足的阳光和通风在一定程度上有助于抑制细菌的滋生，为学生提供更健康、更舒适的学习和生活环境，这也是新冠肺炎时期有意识产生的一种新的健康导向设计意识和策略。
Better sunlight and ventilation - The building volume rises from 2 storeys on the southernmost side to 6 storeys on the northernmost side, which forms the layout of low-in-south and high-in-north, allowing as many classrooms as possible to obtain sufficient sunlight. At the same time, somewhere on the building volumes between two courtyards is hollowed out to form ventilation paths, thus ensuring better ventilation for more classrooms. Abundant sunlight and ventilation help to a certain extent to curb the breeding of germs, providing students with a healthier and more comfortable learning and living environment, which is also a new health-oriented design consciousness and strategy consciously generated in the coronavirus period.

© DC Alliance

越来越容易进入户外空间-高密度校园的一个关键问题是缺乏户外空间，而这对中小学生来说至关重要。“后退”是在高密度校园中提供更多户外空间的绝佳策略。在这种情况下，通过露台的设计和组织，每层楼都保证有一个专门为同一层教室服务的户外活动空间。与课间10分钟的短暂休息相比，在高密度环境中的后退式设计似乎是一种更容易为户外活动争取更多时间的方法。在设计的最终方案中，除了被建筑占据的地方外，所有的室外空间几乎都归还给了学生。
More and easier access to outdoor spaces - One of the key problems with high-density campuses is the lack of outdoor space, which is essential for primary and secondary school students. "Stepping back" is an excellent strategy for providing more outdoor space in a high-density campus. In this case, with the design and organization of terraces, each floor is guaranteed an outdoor activity space serving exclusively to the classrooms of the same floor. Compared to the short break of 10 minutes between classes, the stepping-back design in the high-density environment seems to be an easier way to buy more time for outdoor activities. In the final scheme of the design, all of the outdoor space, except where it is occupied by the architecture, has almost been returned to the students.

© DC Alliance

更合适的空间尺度-由于采用后退策略形成的梯田，可以更好地控制建筑的尺度。传统模式下可能存在的25米宽、5~6层高的压迫性空间尺度大多被分解为1~2层，有大量的屋顶露台面向河流和远处，没有任何阻碍，这也让学生可以更自由地呼吸。建筑规模的缩小不仅给身体带来放松，同时也给精神带来愉悦。
More appropriate spatial scales - Thanks to the terraces that are formed by stepping back strategy, the scale of the building can be better controlled. The oppressive spatial scale of 25 meters wide and 5~6 storeys high, which might exist under the traditional model, is mostly dissolved into 1~2 storeys, with a large number of roof terraces facing the river and the distant place without any obstruction, which also allows students to breathe more freely. The reduction of architectural scale not only brings relaxation to the body but also brings pleasure to the spirit at the same time.

© DC Alliance

更丰富、更生动的建筑形式——毫无疑问，后退在塑造建筑体积方面具有优势。在这种情况下，在极其有限的场地面积内，后退策略不仅解决了功能、阳光、通风、室外空间、建筑规模等问题，而且形成了一种丰富生动的建筑形式，层层叠叠，宛如一座山。这种形式完全是从功能需求中推导出来的：在需要入口广场的地方推进，在需要与现有小学连接的地方拉出，这形成了一种逻辑而非装饰性的审美体验。最终，新建的部分从不同的位置、角度和高度呈现出完全不同的视角。
Richer and more vivid architectural forms - There is no doubt about the advantage of the setback in shaping the volume of the building. In this case, within the extremely limited site area, the stepping back strategy not only solves the problems such as functions, sunlight, ventilation, outdoor space, architectural scale, etc., but also forms a rich and vivid architectural form, layer by layer, like a mountain. This form is completely deduced from the functional demand: pushing in where there needs to be an entrance plaza, pulling out where there needs to be connected to the existing primary school, which forms a kind of logical rather than decorative aesthetic experience. Eventually, the newly built part presents a completely different sense of view from different positions, angles, and heights.

Diagram 03

空间-尽管面临着场地小、密度高的客观困难，但设计仍然尽可能地建立了一些更具体验性的建筑空间。例如，在沿河的东侧，已经设立了几个两层公共空间，可以作为休闲和互动的场所，也可以站在这里欣赏河景；在建筑的西南角，靠近多功能厅设置了一个下沉式户外广场，可以作为阅读场所；在一楼的中心，靠近组合教室的地方设置了一个带露台的表演区和一个带天窗的开放空间。尽管空间狭小，我们仍然希望创造一个有趣的空间，有丰富的高度变化、光影和曲折。
Space - Although facing the objective difficulties of a small site and high density, the design still set up some more experiential architectural spaces as much as possible. For example, on the east side along the river, several two-story public spaces have been set up, which can be used as places for leisure and interaction, or for looking at the river view when standing here; in the southwest corner of the building, a sunken outdoor plaza has been set up close to the multi-functional hall, which can be used as a place for reading; in the center of the ground floor, a performance area with terraces and an open space with skylight have been set up close to the combined classrooms. Even though the space is small and limited, we still hope to create an interesting space with rich height variations, light and shadow, and twists and turns.

立面-建筑体积和空间完成后，立面就没什么可做的了，实际上，通过每层的水平栏杆就足够了。然而，从传统的“设计”角度来看，“立面设计”是一项不能绕过的强制性行动，这让我们不得不三思而后行。由于东侧有一条河，我们对立面进行了一些称为“水波”的改动，这实际上是多年前永江实验学校立面做法的延续，但进行了一些升级，使其看起来更具三维感。晚上开灯时，立面看起来真的闪闪发光。站在312国道上，从东侧望去，立面在水中的倒影，这座建筑看起来就像一艘在海上航行的大船。无意间，这座建筑本身就成为了“没有皇家学习之路”的另一种解释。
Façade - After the completion of architectural volume and space, there is not much left to do with the façade, which is actually enough by pulling through the horizontal railing on each level. However, from the conventional "design" perspective, the "façade design" is a mandatory action that cannot be bypassed, which costs us a second thought. Since there is a river on the east side, we made some changes called "water ripples" to the façade, which is actually a continuation of the façade practice of the Yongjiang Experimental School many years ago, but with some upgrades to make it look like more three-dimensional sense. When the lightings are turned up at night, the façade looks really sparkling up. Standing on the 312 national highway and looking from the east side, with the reflection of the façade in the water, the building looks like a big ship sailing on the sea. Unintentionally, the building itself has become another interpretation of "there is no royal road to learning".

结语-本项目旨在探索极端场地条件下高密度校园的设计。在总体战略上，只有通过“后退”，才能同时解决功能、日照、通风、室外空间、建筑规模等一系列关键问题。在具体方法上，通过双层高度、下沉空间和曲折路径，创造了三维花园的空间效果。这个项目的现场体验比照片好得多，非常令人满意。
Epilogue - This project is an attempt to explore the design of a high-density campus under extreme site conditions. In terms of general strategy, only through "Stepping back", a series of key issues such as functions, sunlight, ventilation, outdoor space, building scale, and so on are solved at the same time. In terms of specific methods, through double height, sinking space, and zigzag path, a spatial effect of a three-dimensional garden has been created. The on-site experience of this project is much better than the photographs, which is very gratifying.