群力国家城市湿地

群力国家城市湿地
Qunli National Urban Wetland

图伦斯cape：从2006年开始，计划在中国北方哈尔滨市东郊开发一个新城区群力新城，面积2733公顷。将在13-15年内建成3200万平方米的建筑。预计一百万人口中有三分之一以上居住在这里。
Turenscape: Beginning in 2006, a new urban district, Qunli New Town, in the size of 2733 Hectares, was planned to be developed at the east outskirt of Haerbin City of North China. 32 million square meters of buildings will be constructed in 13-15 years. More than one third of a million population are expected to live here.

Qunli National Urban Wetland

虽然只有约16.4%的可开发土地被划为可渗透绿地，但大部分以前平坦的平原将被不渗透的混凝土覆盖。而该地区年降雨量为567mm，集中在6-8月（占年降雨量的60-70%）。历史上这个地区经常发生洪水和水涝。Turenscape被委托设计一个34.2公顷的公园，这是一个以前的湿地，但四周被道路和密集的开发区包围。这个前湿地的水源已经被切断，湿地面临消失的威胁。Turenscape的战略是将濒临死亡的湿地改造成城市雨水公园，为新社区提供多种生态系统服务。结果是巨大的成功。
While only about 16.4% of the developable land was zoned as permeable green space, the majority of the former flat plain will be covered with impermeable concrete. While the annual rainfall of this area is 567mm and concentrated in June through August (account for 60-70% of annual precipitation). Flood and water log were frequent in history for this area. Turenscape was commissioned to design a park of 34.2 Hectares, a former wetland but been surrounded at four side by roads and dense development. Water sources for this former wetland has been cut, and the wetland is under the threat of disappear. Turenscape’s strategy is to transform the dying wetland into an urban stormwater park, which will provide multiple ecosystems services for the new community. The result is a great success.

设计方案包括使用简单的切割和填充技术，在前湿地周围创建一条池塘和土堆项链。湿地外围的池塘和土墩环为核心湿地创造了雨水过滤和净化缓冲区，并在自然和城市之间形成了一个受欢迎的景观过滤器。新建城区的雨水被收集到湿地周围的管道中，经过池塘过滤和沉淀后，甚至被分配到湿地中。天然湿地草和草甸生长在不同深度的池塘中，自然进化过程开始。本地银桦树（桦树）的小树林生长在各种高度的土堆上，形成了茂密的森林环境。池塘和土墩环内建有一个道路网络，游客可以在森林中漫步。在池塘和土堆上设置了平台和观景塔，让游客能够直接接触大自然并远眺。一条天桥连接着分散的土堆，让周围的居民有一种在湿地上和树冠上的体验。
The design solutions include the use of simple cut-and-fill technique to create a necklace of ponds-and-mounds surrounding the former wetland. While leaving a major core of the wetland untouched and left alone for natural evolution and transforming, the pond-and-mound ring surrounding the periphery of the wetland creates a stormwater filtrating and cleansing buffer zone for the core wetland, and a welcoming landscape filter between nature and city. Stormwater from the newly built urban area is collected into a pipe around the circumference of the wetland, and then even is distributed into the wetland after being filtrated and deposited through the ponds. Native wetland grasses and meadow are grown in the ponds of various depths and the natural evolution process is initiated. Groves of native silver birch trees (Betula) are grown on the mounds of various heights that create a dense forest setting. A network of paths are built into the pond-and-mound ring allowing visitor to have a walking-through-forest experience. Platforms and viewing towers are set in the ponds and on the mounds to allow visitors have a immediate touch of the nature and have distant views. A skywalk links scattered mounds allowing surrounding residents to have an above-the-wetland and in-the-canopy experience.

通过对这片濒临死亡的湿地的改造，经常导致城市洪水的雨水成为城市的积极环境设施。雨水公园现已被列为国家城市湿地公园。该项目展示了一种面向生态系统服务的城市公园设计方法，并展示了一种水城市化方法。
Through the transformation of this dying wetland, stormwater that frequently causes flood in the city become a positive environmental amenity for the city. The stormwater park now has been listed as a national urban wetland park. This project demonstrate an ecosystem services oriented approach to urban park design, and showcase an water urbanism approach.

Landscape architect: Turenscape
Project Location: Qunli New District, Haerbin City, Heilongjiang Province, China
Project Size: 30 hectares
Design: June 2009 – November 2009
Completion: 2010
Owner/Client: The Municipal Government of Haerbin City
Text: Kongjian Yu / Turenscape