斯坦福德的恢复性景观

斯坦福德的恢复性景观
A Restorative Landscape for Stamford

奥林：J.B.杰克逊在他的《发现乡土景观》一书中写道“当然，没有一个团体开始创建一个景观。它开始做的是创建一个社区，而景观作为其可见的表现形式只是人们工作和生活的副产品，有时聚在一起，有时分开，但始终认识到他们的相互依赖性。”在康涅狄格州斯坦福德市最近举行的密尔河公园开幕式上，这种社区精神和协作精神再明显不过了。居民们聚集在密尔河沿岸参加周末的庆祝活动，纪念奥林设计的期待已久的14英亩公园。
OLIN: J.B. Jackson, in his book Discovering the Vernacular Landscape, wrote “No group sets out to create a landscape of course. What it sets out to do is to create a community, and the landscape as its visible manifestation is simply the by-product of people working and living, sometimes coming together, sometimes staying apart, but always recognizing their interdependence.” This spirit of community and collaboration couldn’t be more evident than in Stamford, Connecticut during the city’s recent opening celebration of Mill River Park. Residents gathered for a weekend of festivities along the banks of Mill River, commemorating the long anticipated 14-acre park designed by OLIN.

A Restorative Landscape for Stamford

里波瓦姆河是曾经居住在河岸上的阿尔冈琴土著人给蜿蜒水道起的名字，几个世纪以来，它一直是斯坦福德社区的支柱。里波厄姆河下游九英里的河道穿过现在的斯坦福德市中心，1642年，该地区第一批清教徒定居者在米尔河筑坝，创造了该镇最初的狮鹫场，从而形成了米尔河。从那时起，米尔河一直是密集型工业的焦点，也是该地区经济繁荣的关键。
The Rippowam River, a name given to the meandering waterway by the native Algonquin peoples who once inhabited its banks, has been the backbone of the Stamford community for centuries. The lower nine miles of the Rippowam courses through the center of what is now downtown Stamford and was coined Mill River in 1642, when the area’s first Puritan settlers dammed the river to create the town’s original gristmill. Ever since, Mill River has been the focus of intense industry and the key to economic prosperity for the area.

随着时间的推移，斯坦福德经历了戏剧性的演变，从早期的清教徒前哨，到工业工厂和制造中心，再到现在的大公司基地。但与许多城市景观一样，米尔河的自然系统也受到了工业和经济进步的不良影响。
Stamford has evolved dramatically over time, from its early stages as a Puritan outpost, to an industrial mill and manufacturing center, to what is now a home base for major corporations. But as with many urban landscapes, Mill River’s natural systems have suffered the ill effects of industrial and economic progress.

在整个20世纪，渠道化磨坊池塘周围的区域作为未充分利用的草坪区域、小路和长凳网络存在。不幸的是，公园的另一个主要特征是河流，它是一道屏障和一道风景线，雄伟的混凝土墙既阻碍了行人进入水源，也破坏了河流的自然生态系统。几十年来，大量的淤泥、树枝、垃圾和其他垃圾在大坝后面堆积，形成了一个难看的、停滞的棕色淤泥池网络，被入侵的水生植物和盛开的藻类堵塞。
Throughout the 20th century, the area around the channelized Mill Pond existed as a network of underutilized lawn areas, paths and benches. Unfortunately the park’s other dominant feature—the river—stood out as a barrier and eyesore, with the imposing concrete walls both inhibiting pedestrian access to the water and compromising the river’s natural ecological systems. For decades, excessive amounts of silt, branches, trash, and other debris collected behind the dam, creating a network of unsightly and stagnant pools of brown muck choked with invasive aquatic plants and blooming algae.

2005年，斯坦福德和米尔河合作组织（Mill River Collaborative）让奥林（OLIN）与美国陆军工程兵团（Army Corps of Engineers）合作创建了一个修复蜿蜒河流的计划，并为公园勾勒了一幅远景。该计划旨在实现三个主要目标：创建一个满足不同人群娱乐和公民需求的公园，为本地动植物繁衍生息提供一个自然栖息地，并提供一个经济上可行、可维护和可分阶段实施的愿景。
In 2005, Stamford and the Mill River Collaborative engaged OLIN to create—in collaboration with the Army Corps of Engineers—a plan to restore the meandering river and craft a vision for the park. The plan aimed to achieve three primary goals: create a park that meets the recreational and civic needs of a diverse population, provide a natural habitat for native flora and fauna to flourish, and offer a vision that is economically viable, maintainable, and implementable in phases over time.

奥林领导了一个由生态学家和土木工程师组成的团队，与专家合作，为公园和绿道创建了一个全面而雄心勃勃的框架。最终的结果是：一个充满活力的公园是可行的，活跃的和诱人的，沿着米尔河河岸的一个连续的规划边缘，以及一个“绿色拉链”，将邻近社区与斯坦福德市中心联系在一起。
OLIN led a team of ecologists and civil engineers, collaborating with experts to create a comprehensive and ambitious framework for a park and greenway. The end result: a dynamic park that is viable, active and alluring, a continuous programmed edge along the banks of Mill River, and a “green zipper” that brings together neighboring communities with downtown Stamford.

公园提供了主动和被动的娱乐场所，包括宏伟的台阶、一系列的基座和巨石，吸引使用者与河流边缘接触。另一个重要特征是大草坪，它是一块广阔的绿色地毯，为大型活动提供了灵活的空间，并为海滨娱乐提供了环境。经过深思熟虑，沿着小径和俯瞰处放置长凳和座位区，鼓励在整个场地进行沉思和休息。选择铺路材料是因为其能够承受洪水事件。保留了历史上的石墙，从附近的建筑工地出土了当地的巨石，并将其纳入该项目，以庆祝当地历史和区域地质。整个公园采用了本土植物调色板，这进一步体现了地方主义，为居民和游客提供了教育体验。野花盛开和樱花节是新英格兰最大的节日，为公园使用者提供了迷人的体验。其他节目功能，包括电影、音乐会和博览会，由米尔河合作组织全年安排。
The park provides areas for active and passive recreation, including the Grand Steps, a series of plinths and boulders which invite users to engage with the river’s edge. Another key feature, the Great Lawn, is an expansive green carpet that provides flexible space for large events and a setting for waterfront entertainment. Thoughtfully placed benches and seating areas along pathways and overlooks encourage moments of contemplation and rest throughout the site. Paving materials were selected for their ability to withstand flood events. Historic stone walls are maintained, and indigenous stone boulders were unearthed from a nearby construction site and incorporated into the project as a celebration of local history and regional geology. A native plant palette is employed across the park—a further expression of regionalism—allowing for educational experiences for residents and visitors. Wildflower blooms and The Cherry Blossom Festival, the largest in New England, provide engaging experiences for park users. Other programmatic functions, including movies, concerts, and fairs, are scheduled throughout the year by the Mill River Collaborative.

密尔河公园和绿道的公私伙伴关系的承诺和愿景已经确立，这将继续促进项目的发展。从总体规划的页面上看到的每个阶段都将把斯坦福德社区编织在一起，创造出一个独特的公共领域。公园和绿道将成为该地区独一无二的地方，展示当地动植物，恢复自然生态系统，促进新的城市重建，并通过多样化的规划和日常享受来庆祝社区。
The commitment and vision by public and private partnerships is firmly in place for Mill River Park and Greenway, which will continue to foster the evolution of the project. Each phase brought to life from the pages of the master plan will weave together the Stamford community, creating a distinctive public realm. The park and greenway will be a place like no other in the region, one that showcases local flora and fauna, restores natural ecological systems, fosters new urban redevelopment, and celebrates community through diverse programming and daily enjoyment.

Landscape Architecture: OLIN
Location: Stamford, Connecticut, USA
Designed: 2007 – 2012
Constructed: 2012 – 2013
Area: 33 acres
Budget: US$11.8 million
Text: Will Belcher, RLA, Landscape Architect / OLIN