向鸭子诱饵致敬

向鸭子诱饵致敬
Homage to a duck decoy

老挝LandschapsArchitecturuur：MDL修改布局和修复鸭子诱饵的计划将景观中的各个历史层可视化。鸭子诱饵（一块旨在捕捉水禽的土地，有一个池塘，经常被森林包围）是荷兰北部村庄格里姆门的纪念性Huis te Glimmen庄园的一部分。由于多年来各种各样的景观变化，鸭子诱饵已经变得几乎认不出曾经有过这种功能。在与邻居和用户密切合作的过程中，决定重新利用鸭子诱饵作为休闲娱乐的宁静场所。
LAOS Landschapsarchitectuur: MDL’s plan for the revised layout and restoration of a duck decoy visualizes various historical layers in the landscape. The duck decoy (a piece of land that was structured with the aim of catching waterfowl, with a pond and often surrounded by woods) is part of the monumental Huis te Glimmen estate in Glimmen, a village in the north of the Netherlands. Due to various landscape alterations down through the years, the duck decoy had become scarcely recognizable as having once had this function. In a process of intensive collaboration with neighbours and users, the decision was taken to make new use of the duck decoy as a place of tranquillity for recreational purposes.

Homage to a duck decoy

在新的配置中，可持续管理和频繁使用齐头并进。由于一些微妙的干预，鼓励游客以最大的尊重对待纪念碑。更新后的鸭子诱饵吸引了比以往更多的游客，但脆弱的部分仍然是禁区。
In the new configuration, sustainable management and frequent use go hand in hand. As a result of a number of subtle interventions, visitors are encouraged to treat the monument with the utmost respect. The renewed duck decoy attracts more visitors than ever, but the vulnerable sections remain out of bounds.

History

鸭子诱饵是17世纪早期作为Huis te Glimmen庄园的一部分建造的。诱饵建在被称为洪德鲁格（Hondsrug）的宽阔沙岭的侧面，该沙岭从德伦特省延伸到格罗宁根省。这是一个合乎逻辑的选择：沙质土壤不适合农业，可以很容易地将必要的池塘安置在周围的河岸上。1819年以后，鸭子诱饵被废弃了。为了使诱饵地形有利可图，诱饵池被改造成了一种山脊植物木材，用于收获橡子。这些山脊为潮湿地面上的植物提供了更好的排水系统。1857年，Noord Willemskanal（运河）的蓄水和修建确保了当地地面的逐渐干燥，尽管这使得以前的鸭子诱饵在景观中更不易辨认。在二十世纪，该庄园逐渐成为一个公共步行和娱乐场所。该地产以自然为导向的管理使诱饵地形上的树木和植物生长密度增加。2004年，整个庄园被列为保护区，各个部分被逐一修复或翻新。这是揭露和恢复前鸭子诱饵的历史分层的冲动。
The duck decoy was constructed as a part of the Huis te Glimmen estate in the early 17th century. The decoy was built on the flank of the extensive sandy ridge called the Hondsrug, which stretches from the Province of Drenthe to well into the Province of Groningen. This was a logical choice: sandy soil is not suitable for agriculture, and the placement of the necessary pond with surrounding banks could easily be realized. The duck decoy fell into disuse after 1819. To make the decoy terrain profitable, the decoy pond was converted into a ridge-plant wood for the harvest of acorns. The ridges enabled better drainage for the plants in the wet ground. The impoldering and construction of the Noord-Willemskanaal (canal) in 1857 ensured progressive drying of the local ground, although this made the former duck decoy even less recognizable in the landscape. In the twentieth century, the estate gradually became a public walking and recreation area. The nature-oriented management of the estate brought about a densification of tree and plant growth on the decoy terrain. In 2004, the entire estate was assigned the status of Listed Conservation Area and the various components were restored or renovated one by one. This was the impulse to expose and restore the historical stratification of the former duck decoy.

Process

与邻居和用户密切合作，制定了鸭子诱饵的恢复性干预措施和布局。很快，鸭子诱饵的完全修复就不可能了：目前的水管理状况使得建造一个新池塘不切实际。在最近的过去，该场地主要用于娱乐，因此诱饵的残骸也受到了很大的破坏。必须阻止这种使用，但最好不要使用“禁止”标志或围栏。
The restorative interventions and layout of the duck decoy were formulated in intensive collaboration with the neighbours and users. Complete restoration of the duck decoy soon turned out to be impossible: the current situation with regard to water management made the construction of a new pond impractical. The ground had been primarily used for recreation in the recent past, so that the remains of the decoy had also incurred much damage. This kind of usage had to be discouraged, but preferably without the application of ‘prohibited’ signs or fences.

在与业主、使用者和邻居协商后，决定实施部分修复，并结合新的用途，以提高遗产的其他质量。因此，诱饵不仅应该是可识别的，如果可能的话，也应该是可进入的，而且还应该邀请人们将其作为休息和沉思的场所。这一功能实际上与它以前作为禁闭工具的用途很协调：在过去，它被禁止在操作诱饵周围的大范围内发出任何噪音。
In consultation with the owner, users and neighbours, the decision was taken to implement partial restoration in combination with new usage that would contribute to the other qualities of the estate. Thus, the decoy should not only become recognizable and, if possible, enterable, but also invite people to use it as a place of rest and contemplation. This function actually harmonizes well with its former use as instrument of confinement: in bygone days it was forbidden to make any noise in a wide area around operating decoys.

Interventions

随着周围土墙的修复，诱饵现在被关闭，但通过一个以前诱饵管道中的CorTen钢路径进入，诱使鸭子向内，现在以一个坐姿结束。CorTen steel元素极具吸引力，同时与精心种植的冬青灌木相结合，产生距离感。游客们在进入诱饵时感到受欢迎，但本能地感觉到他们能走多远
With the restoration of the surrounding earthen walls, the decoy is now closed off, but has been made accessible by means of a CorTen steel path in one of the former decoy pipes that enticed the ducks inward and now ends in a sitting element. The CorTen steel element is inviting yet simultaneously generates distance, in combination with the strategically planted holly bushes. Visitors feel welcome as they enter the decoy, but feel instinctively just how far they can go.

不仅对诱饵的各个部分进行了修复，还将该地形用作山脊植物林地。坐姿元素的定位方式使屋脊和诱饵墙易于识别。坐式构件的钢结构简要描述了该区域的各种历史和当前用途。
Not only have the various sections of the decoy been restored, the later use of the terrain as ridge-plant wooded zone has also been visualized. The sitting element has been positioned in such a way that the ridges and decoy walls are easily recognizable. The steel of the sitting element provides a brief description of the various historical and current uses of the zone.

上述诱饵的最新、更积极的娱乐功能已在相邻的空地上实现。这个被忽视的区域已经变成了一个有果树和一张结实的长野餐桌的运动场。在诱饵和运动场之间创建了许多巧妙的位置转换。因此，希望利用闲暇时间的游客会积极选择运动场。这些功能相互补充：休闲游客也可以参观鸭子诱饵，反之亦然。
The aforementioned recent, more active recreational function of the decoy has been made possible on an adjoining open piece of ground. This neglected area has been transformed into playing field with fruit trees and a robust, long picnic table. A number of cleverly sited transitions have been created between the decoy and the playing field. As a consequence, visitors who wish to use their leisure time actively opt for the playing field. The functions reinforce one another: recreational visitors also take a look in the duck decoy and vice versa.

In this way, several aims can be realized at once with minimum resources: renovation of the conservation area, the visualization of the history of the landscape, continuing recreational use of the area and an increase in the number of visitors.

摄影：罗伯特·范德莫伦、梅勒·范迪克
Landscape Architecture: LAOS Landschapsarchitectuur
Location: Glimmen, The Netherlands
Client: Staatsbosbeheer
Area: 2ha
Year of design: 2010-2011
Year of implementation: 2012-2013
Design team: Mathijs Dijkstra, Melle van Dijk
Historical research: Anne Wolff
Photography: Robert van der Molen, Melle van Dijk