乌鸦桥
The Ravelijn Bridge
RO&；广告设计师：Ravelijn“Op den Zoom”是荷兰卑尔根Op Zoom市的一座堡垒岛，由著名的堡垒建造者门诺·范·科霍恩（Menno van Coehoorn）于18世纪初建造。这是他现在唯一的“乌鸦”。要塞最初只能乘船到达，因此补给和士兵必须划船80米到达要塞。原来的入口仍然存在于19世纪末的水线上方，堡垒失去了防御功能。1930年增加了一座高架木桥。如今，岛上要塞主要用于小型公共和私人活动。
RO&AD Architecten: The Ravelijn “Op den Zoom” is a fortress-island of the city of Bergen op Zoom in The Netherlands which is made in the beginning of the 18th century by Menno van Coehoorn, a famous fortress builder. This is the only “ravelijn” of him still present. The fortress was originally only accessible by boat, so supplies and soldiers had to be rowed the 80 meters to the fortress. The original entrance is still present just above the waterline At the end of the 19th century the fortress lost its defensive function. In 1930 a raised wooden bridge was added. Nowadays the island-fortress is mainly used for small public and private events.
© Erik Stekelenburg
© Erik Stekelenburg
© Erik Stekelenburg
© Erik Stekelenburg
© Erik Stekelenburg
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
© RO&AD
1747
1814
1930
2013
The assignment was to make a second pedestrian bridge for two reasons. First to connect the fortress to the city centre, second to make a second escape route from the fortress in case of emergencies.
Concept
在过去，乌鸦是由城市提供的小型划艇。桥的概念是，让桥跟随这些船只的原始轨迹，因此桥呼应了船只从城市到要塞的原路线。这就是桥蜿蜒穿过水面到达要塞的原因。因此，我们也让桥漂浮起来。这样做的另一个好处是，在冬天，桥可以被拉到一边，这样城堡周围就可以滑冰了。桥的桥面是凸面的，以使桥与水和周围环境融为一体。水中无镜像，尽可能靠近水面。堡垒附近码头的楼梯可以随着水位上下移动（并保持水平）。
In former days, the Ravelijn was supplied from the city with small rowing boats. The concept of the bridge is, to let the bridge follow the original track of these boats, so the bridge echoes the former route the boats followed from the city to the fortress. That is why the bridge snakes across the water to the fortress. Therefore we also made the bridge floating. An additional advantage of that is , that in winter the bridge can be pulled to the side, so there can be ice-skated around the fortress. The deck of the bridge is convex to let the bridge blend in with the water and the surroundings. No mirror image in the water and as close to the water as possible. The stairs at the jetty near the fortress can move up and down (and stay horizontal) with the water level.
Material
这座桥完全符合摇篮到摇篮哲学的原则。位于木材表面下方的充气聚乙烯管有助于保持桥梁漂浮，无需任何额外的结构框架。桥面由Accoya制成，Accoya是一种高性能木材产品，经过处理后可提高其抵抗真菌腐烂的能力，以及因接近水而产生的膨胀和收缩效应。将来，这座桥可以很容易地拆卸和回收。
The bridge is made completely to the principles of the Cradle to Cradle philosophy. Air-filled polyethylene pipes positioned underneath the timber surface help keep the bridge afloat, without requiring any additional structural framework. The decking is made of Accoya, a high-performance wood product, which is treated to improve its ability to resist fungal decay, and the effect of swelling and shrinkage that could result from its proximity to water. In the future the bridge can be easily disassembled and recycled.
建筑师:RO& ;；AD Architecten
地点：荷兰米德尔堡卑尔根op Zoom
设计团队：罗·科斯特、阿德·基尔、马丁·范·奥弗维德
委托人：卑尔根市议会op Zoom
结构工程师：荷兰德拉赫滕W2N工程师
承包商：荷兰霍尔斯特伦Allflex
施工时间：3个月，2014年3月完工总长度：80米功能：人行桥
Architect: RO&AD Architecten
Location: Bergen op Zoom, Middelburg, The Netherlands
Design team: Ro Koster, Ad Kil, Martin van Overveld
Commisioner: City Council of Bergen op Zoom
Structural Engineer: W2N Engineers, Drachten, The Netherlands
Contractor: Allflex, Halsteren, The Netherlands
Construction time: 3 months, finished March 2014
Total length: 80 meters
Function: Pedestrian bridge
