纳尔逊·曼德拉公园（Bijlmerpark）

纳尔逊·曼德拉公园（Bijlmerpark）
Nelson Mandela Park (Bijlmerpark)

梅卡诺：比杰尔默地区是60年代末和70年代阿姆斯特丹大规模扩张的结果。作为街区规划基础的乌托邦式现代主义设想了一个地铁系统、一个没有交叉口的道路网、统一的13层住宅楼、停车场和广阔的绿地。在实践中，它带来了一个不安全的社区，带来了问题和无法预见的多元文化人口。如今，阿姆斯特丹Zuidoost已被重新命名，该街区已被敦促提供差异化的住房存量，并改善对公共领域的管理。这一战略的一部分是将Bijlmerpark改造成一个新的城市公园，拥有700个住宅和6公顷的体育设施。Mecanoo对此简报的回应有三个主要因素：景观中的住房整合、公园的清晰边界和入口以及活动的强化。
Mecanoo: The Bijlmer area is the result of a large expansion of Amsterdam in the late sixties and seventies. The utopian modernism that underpinned the plans for the neighbourhood envisaged a metro system, a road network free of crossings, uniform thirteen-story housing blocks coupled with parking garages and extensive green space. In practice, it delivered an unsafe neighbourhood with problems and an unforeseen multi-cultural population. Now re-branded Amsterdam Zuidoost, the neighbourhood has been urged to provide a differentiated housing stock and to improve its management of the public realm. Part of this strategy is the transformation of the Bijlmerpark into a new urban park with seven hundred homes and six hectares of sports facilities. Mecanoo’s response to this brief has three main elements: the integration of housing within the landscape, clear boundaries and entrances to the park and an intensification of activities.

各个住宅和公寓的起伏地带构成了公园的边缘。公园被抬高60厘米，以减轻低洼地区的潮湿。Bijlmer树的边缘是公园和住宅之间的过渡：它是一个由剥去树皮并放在钢腿上的树木组成的栅栏。Bijlmerpark有七个经典的主入口，其特点是有三个垂直门，在水平门的两侧始终保持打开状态。“Bijlmerpark”用铁艺写在垂直大门上，水平大门的名称代表周围的街区，包括：亨图姆入口、利尔博斯入口、古伊塞侧入口、凯尔博根入口和沃格尔特杰斯韦入口。仅在城门附近，比杰默尔公园就与其他城市公园区别开来。Bijlmer小径像优雅的丝带一样蜿蜒穿过Bijlmer公园，将公园的“文化”北部与自然、生态的南部连接起来。他们经过，甚至在卡尔斯贝尔德礁下，偶尔会与比杰尔默公园大道周围的人行道交织在一起。Bijlmerpark以一系列独特的树木为特色，包括巨型红杉等大型树木和开花木兰等特殊树木。在Bijlmerpark，你可以看到和闻到每一个季节。Bijlmerpark起伏的公园土地以及各种各样的植物创造了一种四季都有的空间体验。长的场地线有时能在公园内提供令人惊讶的景观。
Undulating strips of individual homes and apartments define the edges of the park. The park was elevated 60 cm to mitigate the dampness of the lower lying areas. The Bijlmer Tree Edge is the transition between the park and residences: it is a fence made of trees which are stripped of their bark and placed on steel legs. The Bijlmerpark has seven classic main entrances that are characterized by three vertical gates which always remain open on either side of a horizontal gateway. “Bijlmerpark” is written in ironwork on the vertical gates, and the horizontal gateways have names that refer to the surrounding neighbourhoods including: Entrance Huntum, Entrance lierbos, Entrance Gooise side, Entrance Kelbergen and Entrance Vogeltjeswei. Just by the gates alone, the Bijlmerpark is set apart from the other city parks. The Bijlmer Paths wind like elegant ribbons through Bijlmerpark and connect the ‘cultural’ northern part of the park with the natural, ecological southern part. They pass by and even under the Karspeldreef occasionally intertwining themselves with the sidewalks surrounding the Bijlmer Park Avenues. Bijlmerpark features a range of distinctive trees, large trees like the giant sequoia and fields of special trees such as flowering Magnolias. In Bijlmerpark you can see and smell every season. The rolling parkland of the Bijlmerpark together with the variety of plantings create an experience of the space in all season. Long site lines can at times provide surprising views within the park.

Nelson Mandela Park (Bijlmerpark)

有组织的运动场地在公园的中间。这些人造草地和草皮地在一定程度上被放置在房屋周围的树木遮住了。除了体育运动，公园里还有许多其他的景点。主要道路沿线有三个不同的滨海区，体育游戏滨海区、论坛滨海区和自然滨海区，它们都有各自的特征和功能。运动和游戏滨海广场是东南部一个主要的运动和游戏设施。论坛滨海广场（Tribune esplanade）为您提供了绝佳的草地景观，您可以在夸科节或足球赛期间欣赏到这一美景。在展台上，游客可以晒太阳、看书或放松。从长凳上俯瞰天然池塘，可以欣赏到自然海滨。也有计划在Karspelsedref上方建立一个植物园。公园的南部是一个自然公园，有很多水，有着五颜六色的植物和几座桥和河岸的大片土地，还有一个水面上的甲板。还有一座七米高的小山，上面长满了蝴蝶丛，景色壮丽。从这座小山上你可以看到太阳穿过比约默尔公园的路径。
Playing fields for organized sports are located in the middle of the park. These artificial grass and turf fields are somewhat hidden from the houses by trees which are placed around them. Besides sports, many other attractions are placed within the park. Along the main path are three different esplanades, the Sports and Game esplanade, the Tribune esplanade and the Nature Esplanade which all have their own identity and function. The Sport and Game esplanade is organized as a major sports and game facility in Southeast. A good view of the Great Meadow is provided by the Tribune esplanade and can be enjoyed during the Kwakoe festival or a football match. In the stands, visitors can bask in the sunshine, read a book or relax. The Nature esplanade can be enjoyed from the benches overlooking the natural pond. There are also plans to create an arboretum above the Karspelsedreef. The southern part of the park is a nature park with a lot of water, large fields with colourful plants and several bridges and banks and a deck over the water. There is also an over seven-meter high hill covered with butterfly bushes, and providing a magnificent view. From this hill you can see along with the sun’s path through the Bijlmerpark.

Data

Landscape Architect: Mecanoo
Playground: Carve
Program: Urban and landscape design for a 32 ha park with 700 dwellings and 8 ha sports program, offices and school, first prize competition
Design 2003-2004
Implementation 2009-2011
Client: District Amsterdam Zuidoost