奎洛托亚火山口俯瞰

奎洛托亚火山口俯瞰
Quilotoa Crater Overlook

豪尔赫·安德拉德·贝尼特斯（Jorge Andrade Benítez）的文本：该项目首先承认一个概念挑战，该挑战构建了产生提案的想法：哪种特征可能是一个俯瞰者必须具有吸引力的，即使其所有自然环境都提供了有趣（和类似）的景观？这是因为该项目位于一座活火山的火山口顶部边缘，火山口内有一个湖泊，这为其周围创造了多种观赏机会。
text by Jorge Andrade Benítez: This Project starts with the acknowledgment of a conceptual challenge which structures the idea that generates the proposal: Which characteristics could an overlook have to be attractive even when all its natural surroundings offer interesting (and similar) views? This is due to the fact that the project is located in the top edge of the crater of an active volcano that has a lake inside of it, which creates multiple viewing opportunities along its surroundings.

Quilotoa Crater Overlook

由于其独特的地理位置，奎洛托亚陨石坑及其湖泊已成为厄瓜多尔越来越受欢迎的旅游景点。该海拔位于安第斯山脉，基多以南170公里。其海拔3974米，火山口直径约3公里。由于湖水中含有矿物质，陨石坑中的湖泊呈现出独特的绿松石色，这是该遗址的主要特征。该地区的生态系统属于安第斯山脉，因此其周围植被包括低矮的草地、特有的灌木和小树。所有这些元素加在一起，创造出一幅内敛美丽的风景。
Because of its geographical peculiarities, the Quilotoa Crater and its Lake have become a touristic site of growing popularity in Ecuador. Located in the Andes, this elevation is 170 km south of Quito. Its altitude is 3974 meters above sea level, and the diameter of the crater is approximately 3 km. Due to the minerals present in its water, the lake in the crater has a distinctive turquoise colour that is the main characteristic of this site. The ecosystem of this area is an Andean páramo, therefore its surrounding vegetation includes low grasses, endemic shrubs and small trees. All these elements add to create a landscape of restrained beauty.

该地区历来居住着厄瓜多尔高地的土著居民，他们主要以农业为生。最近的定居点是尊巴瓦；然而，一些分散的小社区住在离湖边更近的地方。Shalalá是与火山有着古老联系的社区之一，他们的居民已经开始了旅游冒险，提供住宿，餐厅服务和导游参观该地区的景点。
厄瓜多尔旅游部响应社区的倡议，为他们的旅游设施提供了配套的基础设施：火山口顶部边缘的俯瞰和连接火山口与旅游区主要区域的人行道复杂的该部旨在支持社区的创业，帮助其成员通过参与提供旅游服务来增加收入。
The area has been traditionally inhabited by indigenous populations of the Ecuadorian highlands, who have a mainly agricultural way of subsistence. The closest settlement is Zumbahua; however, some small scattered communities live closer to the lake. Shalalá is one of the communities that have ancient ties to the Volcano, and their inhabitants have started a touristic venture to offer accommodation, restaurant service and guided visits to the attractions of the area.
The Ecuadorian Tourism Ministry responded to the initiative of the community by providing them with complementary infrastructure to their touristic facilities: an overlook in the top edge of the crater and the footpath to connect it with the main area of the touristic complex. The Ministry aimed to support the venture of the community helping its members to increase their income through their involvement in the provision of touristic services.

俯瞰计划安置在火山口的上部边缘，其主要目标是创建一个结构，允许不间断地观察周围环境，用户可以安全到达悬崖边缘。然而，上述概念上的挑战仍然存在，选择的俯瞰地点与火山口其余部分的视野非常相似。因此，分析的重点是“忽略”可以提供哪些其他经验成为该地区的一个兴趣点。
The overlook is planned to settle in the superior edge of the crater, its main objective is to create a structure that allows the uninterrupted observation of the surroundings where the users can safely reach border of the cliff. However, the conceptual challenge explained above remains, where the site chosen for the overlook has a very similar view to the rest of the border of the crater. Therefore, the analysis is focused on what other experiences could the overlook offer to become an interest point in the area.

该项目的响应是基于为游客创造机会，让他们以不同于火山口其他任何点的方式看到景观。用户的体验通过创建一个平台来丰富，该平台从悬崖上的火山口边缘延伸出来，让游客有机会“飞越”风景，产生几乎眩晕的感觉。同时，创造了一个被动观看的空间，在这里用户可以免受各种因素的影响，并能够有片刻的沉思和反省。
The response that this project delivers is based on creating opportunities for the visitor to see the landscape in different ways than from any other point in the crater. The experience of the user is enriched through the creation of a platform extending from the edge of the crater over the cliff looking to give the visitor the opportunity to “fly” over the landscape producing an almost vertigo like sensation. At the same time, a space for passive viewing is created, where the user is protected from the elements and is able to have a moment of contemplation and introspection.

为用户提供这些相反但互补的体验的尝试导致了一个结构的创建，该结构由一个上部平台组成，该平台延伸到火山口边界之外，并直接位于火山口下方，看台沿着自然斜坡，使用者有机会休息和欣赏自然景观。这些简单但清晰的建筑姿态让游客有机会体验与火山口其他地方不同的体验。
The attempt to provide these opposite, but complementary experiences for the user results in the creation of a structure which comprises of an upper platform that extents further beyond the border of the crater, and, directly underneath, bleachers that follow the natural slope where users have the opportunity to rest and enjoy the natural landscape. These simple, but clear, architectonic gestures give the visitor the opportunity to have a different experience than what could be found in the rest of the crater.

景观的离散而壮丽的美，要求建筑的反应是简朴的，试图将自身与周围的景观融合。一个简单的形式和统一使用的材料给予干预相同的审美品质比网站。该元素由一个内部钢桁架系统组成，元素的表皮由木材构成，将干预定位在色彩调色板和景观纹理中。项目中的边界特征设计用于安全地清晰观察周围环境。因此，玻璃是俯瞰台开口端使用的唯一材料。连接远眺的人行道由石头边缘和砾石填充而成，旨在标记一条确定的路线，并在不改变景观自然质量的情况下创造一个可行走的表面。干预中的每一个动作都试图不改变现场当前的和谐，因此，如果将来不再需要，整个结构设计为易于拆卸和移除。
The discrete but magnificent beauty of the landscape, demand the architectonic response to be austere, in an attempt to merge itself with the surrounding landscape. A simple form and the uniform use of materials give the intervention the same aesthetic qualities than of the site. The element is composed of an internal steel truss system and the skin of the element is built with wood, which locates the intervention within the chromatic palette and texture of the landscape. The border features in the project are designed to safely allow a clear view of the surroundings. Therefore, glass is the only material used in the open ends of the overlook. The footpath that connects to the overlook is built with stone edges and filled with gravel, looking to mark a defined route and to create a walkable surface without altering the natural qualities of the landscape. Every gesture in the intervention attempts not to modify the current harmony present in the site, for this reason, the entire structure is designed to be easily dismantled and removed if in the future is no longer needed.

自从这座城市建成以来，社区的旅游活动显著增加。此外，其成员还参与了干预措施的维护工作，并承诺将其保持在良好状态。在国家、社区和设计师的干预已经达到预期结果的情况下，这可以被视为一个成功的案例。
Since the creation of this overlook, there has been a noticeable increase in the touristic activity in the community. Additionally, its members have engaged in the upkeep of the intervention and are committed to keep it in good conditions. This could be qualified as a successful case where the interventions of the State, the community and the designers have reached the expected outcome.

项目全称：基洛托亚湖的人行道和远眺区——沙拉拉。
项目地点：厄瓜多尔、科托帕西、祖姆巴瓦、基洛托亚、沙拉拉
设计：2012
2013年施工
建筑师：豪尔赫·安德拉德·贝尼特斯/哈维尔·梅拉·卢纳/丹尼尔·莫雷诺·弗洛雷斯。
合作者：曼努埃尔·加拉加、玛丽亚·帕斯·维拉戈麦斯、，Diana Callejas，Christian Rea，Natalia Dueñas，胡安·卡洛斯·西斯内罗斯（Juan Carlos Cisneros）赞助商：厄瓜多尔旅游部项目业主：沙拉拉科穆尼（ShalaláComunity）摄影作品：洛伦娜·达奎亚（Lorena Darquea）——帕布罗·普恩特（Pablo Puente）——哈维尔·梅拉（Javier Mera）——丹尼尔·莫雷诺·弗洛雷斯（Daniel Moreno Flores）——辛西亚·马西亚斯Leiva——圣地亚哥·德尔耶罗（Santiago del Hierro）建筑面积：616,16
预算：158.531,06美元
Full Project Name: Footpaths and Overlook in the Quilotoa Lake – Shalalá.
Location of the Project: Ecuador, Cotopaxi, Zumbahua, Quilotoa, Shalalá
Design: 2012
Construction 2013
Architects: Jorge Andrade Benítez / Javier Mera Luna / Daniel Moreno Flores.
Collaborators: Manuel Galárraga, María Paz Villagomez, Diana Callejas, Christian Rea, Natalia Dueñas, Juan Carlos Cisneros
Sponsor: Ministry of Tourism of Ecuador
Owners of the Project: Shalalá Comunity
Photo Credits: Lorena Darquea – Pablo Puente – Javier Mera – Daniel Moreno Flores – Cynthia Macias Leiva – Santiago del Hierro
Construction Area: 616,16
Budget: 158.531,06 USD
Sqm construction cost: 257,28 USD