加弗纳斯岛第一期

加弗纳斯岛第一期
Governors Island Phase 1

加弗纳斯岛提供了一个远离纽约市的世界，纽约港的一个非凡的有利位置，它的标志，珍贵的历史景观，还有机会体验被水包围的绿岛的声音和气味。加弗纳斯岛新公园和公共空间项目的第一阶段于2014年5月向公众开放。从2006年国际设计竞赛获奖作品和2010年公园和公共空间总体规划发展而来，第一阶段在全岛创造了30英亩的新公园和公共空间，并为历史悠久的北岛增添了重要的游客设施。第一阶段包括利格特露台、吊床林、游乐草坪、红色花园和北岛的历史区域；索瓦松登陆、阅兵场和南炮台。除了花园、林地和自行车道外，West 8还开发了定制照明、座椅和标志，加强了岛上新公共空间之间的连接。岛上的游客将享受各种新的开放空间体验，包括：能够与朋友一起在定制吊床上荡秋千，在新的缓坡绿地上野餐，骑自行车在蜿蜒的小路上漫步，在崭新的球场上打垒球，捕捉自由女神像的优美景色。
Governors Island offers a world apart from New York City, an extraordinary vantage point on New York Harbor, its icons, treasured historic landscape, and the chance to experience the sounds and smells of a green island surrounded by water. The first phase of Governors Island’s new park and public space project was opened to the public in May 2014. Developed from the 2006 international design competition winning entry, and the 2010 Park and Public Spaces Masterplan, Phase 1 creates 30 acres of new park and public space throughout the island and adds key visitor amenities to the historic North Island. Phase 1 encompasses Liggett Terrace, Hammock Grove, the Play Lawns, the Red Garden, and historic areas on the North Island; Soissons Landing, the Parade Ground, and South Battery. In addition to gardens, woodlands, and bikeways, West 8 has developed custom lighting, seating and signage that enhances the connection between the new public spaces stretching across the island. Visitors to the island will be treated to a variety of new open spaces experiences including: the ability to swing with their friends on clusters of custom hammocks, have a picnic lunch on new gently sloping greens, ride bikes around gently meandering pathways, and play softball on brand new fields capturing exquisite views of the Statue of Liberty.

Governors Island Phase 1

纽约市承诺投资超过2.5亿美元重新设计和升级加弗纳斯岛公园、公共空间和基础设施，作为2012年5月开始的多阶段项目的一部分。该岛于2005年对8000名游客重新开放，此后关闭了15年，促进了纽约人对该岛的重新发现。2013年，该岛接待了399000多名游客。现在是一个热门的季节性目的地——加弗纳斯岛，是公共空间的缩影，每周7天开放，可以乘坐渡轮到达（往返票价为2美元）。它已经成为一个主要的节日和活动场所，一个周末目的地（85%的游客居住在5个行政区）和纽约地区的旅游胜地。对于西8号来说，将这个废弃的军事基地和独特的、被风吹得满目疮痍的岛屿改造成一个田园诗般的目的地——水中的绿花椰菜，是一次令人难以置信的收获之旅。“我们设计这个公园是为了利用加弗纳斯岛令人惊叹的资产。看到人们喜欢这个公园并把它变成自己的公园，我们再高兴不过了，”纽约西8大学校长杰米·马斯林·拉森（Jamie Maslyn Larson）说。
The City of New York committed to investing over $250 million in the redesign and upgrade of Governors Island’s park and public spaces and infrastructure as part of a multi‐phase project begun in May of 2012. Closed for 15 years the reopening of the Island in 2005 to 8000 visitors, catalyzed the rediscovery of the Island by the people of New York, in 2013 it welcomed more than 399,000 visitors. Now a hot seasonal destination Governors Island, the epitome of public space, open 7 days a week and accessible by ferry (for the price of a $2 round trip). It has emerged as a major festival and event space, a weekend destination (85% of visitors live in the 5 boroughs) and a tourist draw within the New York region. For West 8, the transformation of this abandoned military base and unique, windblown island into an idyllic destination, a green broccoli in the water, has constituted an incredibly rewarding journey. “We designed the park to take advantage of Governors Island’s amazing assets. We couldn’t be happier to see people enjoying the park and making it their own”, says West 8 New York’s Principal, Jamie Maslyn Larson.

A WALK THROUGH PHASE 1

西8的州长岛公园和公共空间的设计建立在公众对岛上开放空间和历史资产的新发现的喜悦之上，并为该岛未来的发展奠定了坚实的基础。乘渡轮抵达索瓦松岛后，游客在绿荫遮蔽的树冠下，在马赛克铺砌的“地毯”上，进入加弗纳斯岛的世界。游客可以决定探索历史街区，在公园里放松和玩耍，或者租一辆自行车来体验岛屿和纽约港。历史街区占地92英亩，是国家和地方指定的历史街区，旨在通过保护和设计标准保护其建筑和景观特征。南炮台已被改造成沿着大长廊东部边缘的一个美妙的休息点，有新的座位和种植树木、灌木和草坪。游客穿过利格特大厅的拱门，进入利格特露台，这是一个活跃的四英亩户外“房间”，三面由历史建筑包裹，是进入岛南部的生动入口。露台充满活力，不时点缀着季节性的植物、水景、儿童游戏和精心制作的马赛克铺路，为您提供了坐下、放松和享受饮料或晚餐的场所。
West 8’s design of Governors Island Park and Public Spaces builds on the public’s new found delight for the island’s open spaces and historic assets, and establishes a strong foundation for the island’s future growth. Upon arrival by ferry at Soissons Landing, the visitor enters the world of Governors Island under a canopy of shade trees and over a welcoming ‘carpet’ of mosaic paving. The visitor may decide to explore the Historic District, relax and play in the Park or rent a bike to experience the Island and the New York Harbor. The Historic District is a 92‐acre district and a nationally and locally designated historic district which seeks to protect it’s architectural and landscape features through preservation and design standards. South Battery has been transformed into a wonderful resting spot along the eastern edge of the Great Promenade with new seating and planting of trees, shrubs and lawns. Walking through the arch of Liggett Hall, the visitor enters Liggett Terrace, a lively four‐acre outdoor ‘room’ that is wrapped on three sides by historical architecture, and serves as the lively entry into the southern portion of the island. The terrace is full of activity, punctuated with seasonal plantings, water features, children’s play and artfully crafted mosaic paving that provide places to sit, relax and enjoy a drink or meal.

向南移动，吊床林凉爽的树荫和围墙与利格特露台阳光充足、结构更为合理的开放空间形成了鲜明对比。将种植55种不同种类的1500多种新树木，以创造一种新型植物林。透过天篷的过滤光将在不同的天气下产生不同的情绪，吊床的单独放置将允许游客找到自己的安全逃生之路。从吊床林出发，您将进入游乐草坪，这是一个占地11英亩的开放区域，成人和儿童都可以在自由女神像的背景下进行运动或享受轻松愉快的一天。游乐草坪有两个规则大小的球场，周围环绕着雕刻的、滚动的土堆，提供了更私密的游戏空间。
Moving south, the cool shade and enclosure of Hammock Grove form a nice contrast to the sunny, more structured open space of Liggett Terrace. More than 1500 new trees will be planted of 55 different species to create a new type of botanical forest. The filtered light through the canopy will create different moods in different weather and the individual placement of hammocks will allow the visitor to find their own peaceful escape. From Hammock Grove, you emerge into the Play Lawn, an 11‐acre open area where adults and children alike can play sports or enjoy a nice relaxing day with the Statue of Liberty as a backdrop. The Play Lawn has two regulation‐sized ball fields surrounded by sculpted, rolling mounds offering more intimate spaces for play.

A SUSTAINABLE AND FEASIBLE DESIGN: THE HURRICANE SANDY STORY

West 8设计了一个公园，让人们可以享受到与盐风、漩涡状水域和港口广阔景色的联系，同时确保2013年种植的树木在未来几代人的时间内长成一片大森林，而不是在前进的水域面前退缩。我们的总体可持续发展战略侧重于通过地形和在洪水和猛烈风暴面前的恢复力进行改造，West 8的设计：
——将岛上的大部分地区从洪水区带出。第1阶段的一些区域已比现有坡度高出15英尺。
-减少波浪冲击的影响
-增加了在洪水面前的恢复力；设计一个能够抵御洪水的周边，并在周边使用草坪；在低海拔地区种植耐盐树木，表层土高于预计的海平面上升，从而保护它们的根系，并确保子孙后代的健康树木。
–通过以下方式提高在猛烈风暴面前的恢复力：；针对强风、暴雨和改变预计洪水区的限制进行设计
——选择了能够承受风暴潮和洪水的公园设施，以最大限度地减少损失，确保暴风雨后公园的安全。
Rather than withdrawing in the face of the advancing waters, West 8 designed a park that allows people to enjoy the connection to the salt winds, swirling waters and expansive views of the harbor while ensuring that trees planted in 2013 will grow into a great forest over the next few generations. Our overarching sustainability strategy focuses on transformation through topography and resilience in the face of flooding and violent storms, West 8’s design:
– Lifts majority of the island out of the flood zone. Some areas of Phase 1 have been raised by as much as 15 feet above existing grade.
– Diminishes the impact of the wave attack
– Increases resilience in the face of flooding by; designing a perimeter that can withstand flooding and using lawn at the perimeter; planting salt tolerant trees at low elevations, topsoil is placed above predicted sea level rise, thereby protecting their roots and ensuring healthy trees for future generations..
– Increases resilience in the face of violent storms by; designing for high winds, heavy rain and changing the limits of projected flood zone
– Park amenities able to withstand storm surges and flooding have been selected in order to minimize damage and ensure park safety after a storm.

飓风桑迪测试了一些已经实施的设计元素和现场特定策略。尽管桑迪的风暴潮比2100年预计的100年一遇洪水高出约1英尺，但加弗纳斯岛在风暴中安然无恙。风暴再次强调了海拔和防洪对项目耐久性的重要性。作为岛上的联合保管人，使这个新公园向数百万人开放是West 8的愿景所固有的，并实现了城市长期宜居性和可持续性的更大目标。在第一阶段的物理设计中，重要的是要做的不仅仅是将沥青变成草坪。新的地形、优越的土壤和茂盛的树冠造就了一个以长寿为终极目标的强健的公园。我们的设计采用特定地点的战略，考虑独特的微气候，地形增强，地下水，雨水收集和再利用，洪水，空气质量，生态生境和城市热岛效应。
Hurricane Sandy put some of these already‐implemented design elements and site specific strategies to the test. Despite the fact that Sandy’s storm surge exceeded the projected 100‐year flood in the year 2100 by about a foot, Governors Island made it through the storm relatively unscathed. The storm reemphasized the importance that elevation and flood‐proofing have on the durability of the project. As joint custodian’s of the Island, making this new park publicly accessible to millions was intrinsic to West 8’s vision and addresses larger goals for the long‐term livability and sustainability of cities. In the physical design of the Phase 1, it was important to do more than simply turn asphalt into lawn. New topography, superior soils and a thriving tree canopy create a robust park with longevity as the ultimate ambition. Our design employs site‐specific strategies that consider the unique micro‐climate, topographical enhancement, groundwater, storm water collection and reuse, flooding, air quality, ecological habitats and urban heat‐island effects.

例如，吊床林的树木将通过“适者生存”的种植策略在未来十年中得到发展，只需最少的维护，并允许大自然完成大部分园艺工作。这种茂密的树冠将慢慢成熟，因为较大的树木被较小的牺牲树木包围，相互竞争，鼓励较大树木的垂直生长。同时，草甸植物的林下植被将鼓励较小的牺牲材料垂直生长。随着根系发育，牺牲植物将被移除以控制竞争并确保健康生长。最终，吊床林的树木将屹立不倒，草地植物将被草所取代，公园游客可以在茂密、植物丰富的森林中漫步，并在树上悬挂的吊床上轻轻摇摆。
For instance the trees of Hammock Grove will develop over the next decade through a “survival of the fittest” planting strategy, requiring minimal maintenance and allowing nature to do most of the gardening. This dense canopy will slowly mature as larger trees, surrounded by smaller, sacrificial trees compete with one another, encouraging vertical growth of the larger trees. At the same time, an understory of meadow plants will encourage vertical growth of the smaller sacrificial material. As root systems develop sacrificial plants will be removed to control competition and ensure healthy growth. Eventually the trees of Hammock Grove will stand tall and the meadow plants will be replaced with grass, allowing park visitors to walk through a lush, botanically rich forest and gently swing in tree‐hung hammocks.

PHASE 2

岛上的游客还可以看到正在建设的公园的下一阶段——山。这些山丘是加弗纳斯岛公园和公共空间总体规划以及新开放的第一阶段的最高特点，该阶段包括30英亩的公园空间和便利设施。港口的新灯塔，这些小山将为游客提供一种沉浸在绿油油的绿洲中的感觉，在了望山的山顶上达到顶峰，带来非凡的360度水天体验。
借鉴弗雷德里克·劳·奥尔姆斯特德在中央公园创造人造地形的先例，这些小山向郁郁葱葱的森林致敬，殖民前曼哈顿的丘陵景观，增强了该岛面对海平面上升的恢复力。这些山由可回收的填充材料制成，将高出岛屿30至80英尺，游客可以欣赏到自由女神像、纽约港和所有5个行政区的壮丽景色。
Visitors to the Island can also see the next phase of park under construction‐the Hills. The Hills are the culminating feature of the Governors Island Park and Public Space Master Plan and the newly opened Phase 1 which includes 30 acres of park space and amenities..A new beacon in the harbor, the Hills will provide visitors with the feeling of being immersed in a green oasis culminating at the top of Outlook Hill with an extraordinary 360 degree experience of water and sky.
Drawing from the precedent of Frederick Law Olmsted’s creation of manmade topography in Central Park, The Hills pay homage to the lush, hilly landscapes of pre‐colonial Manhattan, and fortify the Island’s resiliency in the face of rising sea levels. Made of recycled fill materials, the Hills will rise 30 to 80 feet above the Island, offering visitors breathtaking views of the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor and all 5 boroughs.

Title: GOVERNORS ISLAND PHASE 1 PARK AND PUBLIC SPACE
Location: New York, USA
Client: The Trust for Governors Island
Design: 2007-2013
Realization: Phase 1, 2014
Size: 30 acres

Project Credits, Ph.1:

首席设计师/首席顾问：西8城市设计与设计；风景园林专业助理风景园林师：Mathews Nielsen风景园林师，P.C.
首席土木工程师：马格努森·克莱门奇协会
当地土木工程师：AKRF
岩土工程师：哈特·克罗泽公司
标识和寻路：五角星
照明：蒂洛森设计协会
MEP工程师：达格尔协会
土壤顾问：松树和燕子
环境灌溉顾问：北方设计
代码顾问：代码咨询公司
成本估算师：忠实&；Gould
运营和维护：ETM Associates
记录测量师：Langan
水景设计师：流动性设计
考古顾问：Linda Stone，
RPA规范顾问：建筑规范公司。
Lead Designer/Prime Consultant: West 8 urban design & landscape architecture p.c.
Associate Landscape Architect: Mathews Nielsen Landscape Architects, P.C.
Lead Civil Engineer: Magnusson Klemencic Associates
Local Civil Engineer: AKRF
Geotechnical Engineer: Hart Crowser Inc.
Signage and Wayfinding: Pentagram
Lighting: Tillotson Design Associates
MEP Engineer: Dagher Associates
Soils Consultant: Pine and Swallow
Environmental Irrigation Consultants: Northern Designs
Code Consultants: Code Consulting Inc.
Cost Estimator: Faithful & Gould
Operations and Maintenance: ETM Associates
Surveyors of Record: Langan
Water Feature Designers: Fluidity Design
Archaeological Consultants: Linda Stone,
RPA Specification Consultants: Construction Specifications, Inc.