纪念花园 - 园林吧

纪念花园
Garden of Remembrance

场景：在1938年11月9日的大屠杀之夜，德国和奥地利的纳粹政权升级了对犹太人的迫害，许多犹太教堂被烧毁，包括马尔堡的犹太教堂。纪念花园项目利用了这个犹太教堂的场地，是对犹太人及其在大屠杀中被摧毁的文化的纪念。其结果是一个非传统的纪念花园，其中包括一项艺术努力，并共同形成一个特殊的城市遗址。同时，纪念花园是小镇日常生活、交流和互动的一部分。
scape: In the “Reichskristallnacht” – the pogrom night of 9th November 1938 the Nazi regime in Germany and Austria escalated the persecution of the Jews and many synagogues were burned and destroyed including that in Marburg. The project Garden of Remembrance utilizes the site of this synagogue and is a memorial to the Jews and their culture destroyed in these pogroms. The result is an unconventional Garden of Remembrance which includes an artistic endeavour and which, together, form a special urban site. At the same time the Garden of Remembrance is part of everyday life, communication and interaction in the town.

Garden of Remembrance

1897年建成后，犹太教堂迅速发展成为大学城的宗教和文化生活中心。随着纳粹政权在帝国大屠杀（碎玻璃之夜）期间对该建筑的破坏，这一发展突然结束。废墟被夷为平地，被土壤覆盖，重新规划为绿地；从那时起，在一个显著的地方，城市电网出现了明显的中断。
After its completion in 1897, the synagogue rapidly developed into a centre of religious and cultural life in the university town. This development was abruptly brought to a close with the destruction of the building by the NS regime during the Reichspogromnacht (night of broken glass). The ruins, which had been razed to the ground, were covered with soil and refashioned as a green area; since then there has been, in a prominent place, an unmistakable break in the city grid.

这个概念将纪念地解释为一个公共花园——“纪念花园”。它的目的是创造一个充满意义和情感的地方，一个摆脱以往随意的面貌的地方，而不是避开公众的视线，坚定地将自己植入城市景观，在其混凝土表面、高速的环境中提供一个不容忽视的标志。
The concept interprets the memorial site as a public garden – a “garden of remembrance“. Its aim is to create a place charged with meaning and emotion, a site shedding its former casual countenance and, rather than shunning the public eye, firmly implanting itself in the cityscape, providing a marker which cannot be overlooked in its concrete-faced, speed-charged surroundings.

任何沿着Universitätstraße漫步的游客都会突然发现人行道变宽成了一个拉长的正方形，上面覆盖着黑色玄武岩表面。附近一个公共汽车站的玻璃墙上挂着一张前犹太教堂的照片，这为这一地区的历史意义提供了第一条线索。前院被一片绿油油的玫瑰花丛所包围——在古耶路撒冷，玫瑰花是唯一被允许在城墙内种植的花。该区域的中心是一个由白色混凝土制成的雕塑框架，像画廊一样，围绕着一片草坪和一棵树。它的外部形状像一个平行四边形；然而，它的内部是一个四合院的形式，它界定了犹太教堂的前礼堂。狭窄的台阶通向平台，通向一块嵌在地面上的玻璃板，可以一瞥前犹太教堂的遗迹：在玻璃板的正下方，可以看到保存完好的最近挖掘的米克维遗迹。在这一点之外，人们可以看到一块方形草坪，与周围环境略微凹进，形成了场地的中心；一棵老莱姆树提供了宽敞的覆盖物——一个散发着宁静的地方。在树下的草丛中发现了1963年竖立的纪念石。否则，这个网站就空荡荡的——几乎是空荡荡的，也就是说，草坪上嵌着玻璃盒子，里面有打印着大大的、朴素的字母的纸条。参观者可以坐在草坪边的台阶上，开始阅读题词。
Any visitor ambling along the Universitätsstraße will suddenly find the sidewalk widening into an elongated square covered with a dark basalt surface. The glass walls of a neighbouring bus stop display a photograph of the former synagogue, providing a first clue to the historical significance of this area. The forecourt is bordered by a green area covered with rosebushes – in ancient Jerusalem, the rose was the only flower permitted to be grown within the city walls. The center of the area is marked by a sculptural frame made from white concrete which, gallery-like, encloses a lawn and a tree. Its exterior is formed like a parallelogram; its interior, however, takes the form of a quadrangle demarcating the former assembly hall of the synagogue. Narrow steps lead onto the platform and towards a glass panel embedded in the ground which affords a glimpse of the relics of the former synagogue: directly underneath the glass panel one can discern the well-preserved remains of the recently-excavated mikveh. Beyond this spot one sees a square lawn, slightly recessed from its surroundings, which forms the center of the site; an old lime tree provides spacious cover – a spot which radiates tranquillity. In the grass growing at the foot of the tree the memorial stone erected in 1963 is found. Otherwise the site is bare – almost bare, that is, as there are glass cases embedded in the lawn, containing slips of paper printed with large, unadorned letters. The visitor can sit down on the step bordering the lawn, and begin to read the inscriptions.

Art project

名为“Zettelkasten”的艺术项目带来了持续的对话，这是社区日常生活的一部分，并将在未来几年中保持不变。人们被邀请与这个标志性的地方交流他们的观点和经验；“Zettelkasten”将不断更新，并为所有游客的体验提供报价。
The artistic project called “Zettelkasten” brings about a continuous dialogue which is part of the everyday life of the community and will remain as constant activity through the years to come. People are invited to communicate their views and experiences linked to this iconic place; the “Zettelkasten” will be constantly renewed with quotations for the experience of all visitors.

“Zettelkasten”由十个玻璃盒组成，其中包含几句名言，同时嵌在犹太教堂祈祷室所在地的地上。该项目从采访马尔堡犹太社区幸存的前成员及其子女开始。这样开始的对话将在今后几年继续进行。其他人将交流他们与这个地方相关的观点和经验，然后“Zettelkasten”将不断地被新采访的更多引语所占据。
The “Zettelkasten” consists of ten glass cases which contain several quotations, while embedded in the ground at the spot where the synagogue’s prayer room used to be. The project started out with quotations from interviews conducted with surviving former members of the Jewish community of Marburg and their children. The dialogue thus begun will be continued in the years to come. Other people will communicate their views and experiences linked to this place, and the “Zettelkasten” will then continuously be filled with more quotations from new interviews.

The project is supported by a bilingual internet platform that serves as a link between the community and the site; where not only information about the place is found, but also the current activities that are taking place.

Integrative character / Public involvement

The site is open to everyone, it is actually used by the elderly as well as the youth, the local people as well as immigrants. Thus the message of the memorial is transported to all parts of the population.

Any culture of remembrance will escape the fate of degenerating into a mere gesture of mourning and dismay only if we

persist in exchanging our views and experiences of what has happened, of how these events have shaped our lives and in what manner they continue to influence our present and future actions and attitudes. The integrated artistic endeavour

called “Zettelkasten” is one attempt to initiate and to document such a discourse.

Rainer Sachse, Bernd Nützel

Materials:
concrete > to build a landscape sculture
rose flowers > to refer to history (see text) and give the site an unique appearance
steel > to accentuate
lawn > to mark the historical location of the praying room (see text)

Data:

所有图纸均由scape Landschaftsarchitekten绘制
Lead Design and Landscape Architect: scape Landschaftsarchitekten GmbH
Designing Team: Project leader: Prof. Dipl. Ing. Rainer Sachse Co-Workers: Johannes Middendorf, Kerstin Gehring, Judith Pfahler, Judith Koch, Stefanie Trobisch, Marvin Müller, Anike Zilske
Artist: Oliver Gather and Christian Ahlborn
Client: City of Marburg (Fachbereich Planen, Bauen, Umwelt)
Competition: 2009 – 1. Prize
Design: 2010-2012
Realization: 2013
Project finished: 2013 June
Location: Universitätsstraße 13, 35037 Marburg
Area: 1370 m2
Construction sum: 720.000 €
Photography: Bernd Nützel, Christian Ahlborn
All of the drawings by scape Landschaftsarchitekten

Project homepage: www.garten-des-gedenkens.de