大都会森林项目

大都会森林项目
The Metro-Forest Project

实验室（曼谷风景园林师）：位于曼谷市郊Prawet区的东边缘，距离素万那普国际机场约6公里，坐落着Metro森林项目。一个生态再生项目，设计为室外展览空间，以培养环境意识并教育游客了解当地森林生态。该项目位于一个废弃场地，旨在通过引入历史上当地（本地和引进）的低地热带树种，开垦2公顷（4.75英亩）的宝贵土地，扭转郊区蔓延、城市热岛和易受洪水影响的发展趋势。设计意图不仅仅是一个由人类雕刻的静态花园，更是一个由生态系统过程形成的动态过程。
LAB (Landscape Architects of Bangkok): Located at the Eastern fringes of Bangkok in the suburban district of Prawet, approximately 6 kilometers from the Suvarnabhumi International Airport, lies the The Metro-Forest Project. An ecological regeneration project designed as an outdoor exhibition space to cultivate environmental awareness and educate visitors about local forest ecology. The project, on an abandoned site, aimed to reclaim 2-hectares (4.75 acre) of valuable land and reverse the trends of suburban sprawl, urban heat island, and flood-prone developments through the incorporation of historically local (native and introduced) lowland tropical tree species. The design is intended to be more than a static garden sculpted by man but is more of a dynamic progression that is formed from ecosystem processes.

The Metro-Forest Project

2012年初，PTT再造林研究所委托景观设计师设计再造林空间。对废弃场地的初步分析表明，由于挖掘产生了非法倾倒垃圾的坑，因此对土壤进行了疏浚。先前的挖掘启发了景观设计师们为森林再生创造了一个新的地形。为了认识到罗亚尔家族及其殿下的森林管理工作，玛哈-查克里公主-林德霍恩公主，一个反映了曼谷昔日景观的生态森林，看起来是为公众教育和享受而创造的。曾经在罗摩III&；选择第四纪元（19世纪中叶）进行初始种植，因为他们曾经在曼谷周围建立了领土种群，在此期间，许多地区以该地区的优势物种命名。
In early 2012, the landscape architects were commissioned by the PTT Reforestation Institute to design a space for reforestation. Initial analysis of the abandoned site indicate the dredging of soil as the excavation created pits for illegal refuse dumping. The prior excavation inspired the landscape architects to create a new terrain for forest regeneration. In recognition to the forest stewardship efforts by the Royal Family and Her Royal Highness, Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s, an ecological forest that reflected Bangkok’s former landscape looked to be created for public education and enjoyment. Saplings of trees once prominent during the Rama III & IV era (mid-19th century) were selected for initial planting as they had once established territorial populations around Bangkok during which time many districts were named after the dominant species of the area.

Design & Implementation

2013年5月开始施工，引入了约37000立方米的土方工程，并用6000立方米的种植土进行分级，以创建工程护道，为新的城市森林提供合适的种植介质和地形。此外，护堤在这样一个相对较小的空间内创造了多种微生态。
Construction began in May 2013 where approximately 37,000 cu.m of earthwork was introduced and graded with 6,000 cu.m of planting soil to create the engineered berms that would provide a suitable planting medium and terrain for the new urban forest. In addition, the berms lead to the creation of diverse micro-ecologies in such a relatively small space.

为了创造多样化的森林生态，宫崎骏博士实施了树苗种植技术，以创造低地龙脑香的最佳生长环境。通过和景观设计师、森林生态学家和承包商的合作，设计、建造和建造了凸起的护道，以提供孔隙度和防止压实。高肥力有机土壤（3份表土、1份生稻壳、1份椰糠、1份鸡粪）的预混合用作适合低地树种幼苗的土壤培养基。根据演替速率和适当的水-地平面生长条件，对该物种的布局进行了仔细分组。例如，在微咸水中茁壮成长的物种，如亚洲巴灵通（Barringtonia asiatica），沿着运河堤岸种植。能够在间歇洪水条件下生存的物种沿着河岸边缘种植。在护堤顶部，落叶森林植物和低地龙脑香的多样性混合覆盖了该地区。
To create a diverse forest ecology, the planting techniques of saplings by Dr. Akira Miyawaki were implemented to create optimal growing environments of lowland dipterocarp. Through collaboration with the landscape architects, forest ecologists, and contractors, raised berms were designed, engineered and constructed to provide porosity and prevent compaction. A pre-mixture of highly fertile, organic soil (3-parts Topsoil, 1-part Raw Rice Husk, 1-part Coconut Coir Dust, 1-part Chicken Manure) was used as a soil medium suitable for the lowland species saplings. The layout of the species was carefully grouped according to successional rate and appropriate water to ground surface level growing conditions. For example, species that thrive in brackish water, such as Barringtonia asiatica, were planted along the canal embankment. Species able to survive during intermittent flooding conditions were planted along the riparian edge. While atop the berms, a diverse mix of deciduous forest plants and lowland dipterocarp cover the area.

土方工程设计是现场新生态的支柱，但也旨在通过沿高架护堤横截面的植物种类变化改善森林及其树冠的美学。控制树冠和种植密度对环境和景观设计师的设计意图至关重要，景观设计师要为游客创造一个隐秘的森林，让他们逃离曼谷的混凝土丛林，在树木荒野中度过几个小时。在树冠成熟后，景观设计师打算在地面上开辟一条小径，以提供揭示下层林的体验。然而，在演替的早期阶段，游客可以将大部分时间花在天桥+观景塔上，该观景塔的设计旨在尽量减少对新兴森林的干扰，并允许近距离观察成熟的树冠。
The earthwork design, serves as the backbone of the site’s new ecology, but also aims to improve the aesthetics of the forest and its canopy by the plant variety changes along the cross-section of the elevated berms. Control of the canopy and density of planting is crucial to the ambience and design intent of the landscape architects to create a forest of seclusion for visitors to escape from the concrete jungles of Bangkok and spend a few hours in the tree wilderness. After the canopy has reached maturation, the landscape architects intend to carve out a trail at the ground level to provide an experience revealing the understory. However, in the early stages of succession, guests may spend a majority of their time atop the skywalk + observation tower, which were designed to minimize disturbance of the burgeoning forest and allow close-up views of the maturing canopy.

在大约75%的总场地上种植了约60000棵279多种独特树种的树木。根据每个演替组将提供的覆盖类型，还仔细选择了树木的种植地点。对于树苗的初始种植，种植密度约为每平方米4棵树或间距为50厘米，以鼓励自然选择第一阶段+覆盖已建护堤的森林演替期。在其余的种植区域，树木种植更稀疏，有助于控制视线，开阔视野，并在展览中心周围提供开放空间。种植设计意图还旨在创建多层森林冠层，可通过监测植物覆盖率、水分水平和营养水平进行控制。场地维护将寻找森林自行管理，因为没有管理才是最好的管理。然而，随着森林的成熟，随着持续进行的项目在未来几代人中的发展，将通过预测建模或预测其演替来实施轮作林业。
Approximately 60,000 trees of more than 279 unique species were planted on approximately 75% of the overall site. Planting locations for the trees were also carefully selected based on the type of coverage each successional group would provide. For the initial planting of saplings, a planting density of approximately 4 trees per square meter or a spacing of 50 centimeters was used to encourage natural selection of the first phase + successional period of the forest covering the constructed berms. In the remaining planted areas, the tree plantings were sparser to help control sightlines, open up views, and provide open space area around the exhibition center. The planting design intent also looked to create a forest canopy of multiple layers that could be controlled through monitoring of plant coverage, moisture levels and nutrient levels. Maintenance of the site will look for the forest to manage itself, as no management is the best management. However, as the forest matures, a practice of rotational forestry through predictive-modeling or forecasting of its succession will be implemented as the continuously on-going project evolves over generations to come.

Sustainability

从瀑布&；溪流雕刻和形成的泥土护栏，到天桥，塔，展览碳中和的设计。该项目获得LEED白金NC，这确实是PTT再造林研究所的公共推广承诺，旨在激发公众对泰国林业管理和环境管理重要性的认识，因为景观设计师的设计已成为夯土展览中心从室内到室外的延伸。该遗址也成为动物们建立家园和游客观察的新栖息地。
From the waterfall & stream carved and formed by earth-berm mounding, to the skywalk, tower, and exhibitions carbon neutral design. The project, which received LEED Platinum NC, is truly a public outreach commitment by the PTT Reforestation Institute to inspire public awareness of forestry management and the importance of environmental stewardship in Thailand as the design by the Landscape Architects has become an extension of the rammed-earth exhibition center from indoors to outdoors. The site has also become a new habitat for fauna to establish their home and visitors to observe.

以大地艺术为灵感的户外展览旨在成为一种景观不断演变的媒介，使游客在每次参观期间始终受到“新”体验的欢迎。游客可以在地面、天桥沿线和观景塔内体验不同层次的天篷，将前所未有地看到曼谷。与其采用强调景观美学的亚洲园林的典型方法，不如采用另一种方法来创造曼谷从未实施过的独特实践，并建立景观类型学的新轨迹，如未来的自然荒野。这是一片具有教育性、趣味性、体验性的自然荒野，可能会激励城市居民在自家后院种植树苗和森林。
The Land Art inspired outdoor exhibition is intended to be a medium where the landscape will be constantly evolving so that visitors will always be welcomed by ‘new’ experiences during each visit. Able to experience the different levels of the canopy at the ground-level, along the skywalk, and within the observation tower, visitors will see Bangkok like never before. Rather than take the typical approach of Asian gardens that emphasize the aesthetics of the landscape, a different approach is taken to create a unique practice that has never been implemented in Bangkok and establish a new trajectory of landscape typologies, such as a natural wilderness for the future. A natural wilderness that is educational, fun, experiential, and could perhaps inspire urbanites to plant saplings and grow a forest in their own backyard.

Data

Client: PTT Public Company Limited
Landscape Architecture: LAB (Landscape Architects of Bangkok)
– Principals: Tawatchai Kobkaikit, Boontarika

Wannapin
– Landscape Architects: Nantawan Sirisup, Akachai Werasakulchai, Hatacha Sukprakob, Punyada Klinpaka
– Horticulturist: Thannaphat Tonnuea, Tiprada Tingklub

施工管理：EDA顾问
Consultants and other collaborators:
Ecological Forest Consultant: Dr.Sirin Kaewlaierd
Landscape Design Consultant: Assistant Professor Dr. Angsana Boonyobhas
Architectural Design & Interior Design: Spacetime Architects
Interior Design of Mini-Theatre area: designLAB NLSS
Energy & Green Building Consultant: A49
Exhibition Design: PICO
Commissioning Authority: SCG Green Building Department
Lighting Consultant: LD49
Structural Engineering: H. Engineer
MEP Engineering: MITR
Quantity Surveyor: Langdon & Seah Thailand
Construction Management: EDA Consultant

Contractors:
Main Contractor: RITTA
Softscape Contractor: CORDIA
Waterfall Contractor: Tropical Garden
Rammed Earth Sub-contractor: La Terre
Earthwork Contractor: Psatanachod Kanyotha

Text: Assistant Professor Dr. Angsana Boonyobhas, Popy Suthiwan