芝加哥河道扩建

芝加哥河道扩建
Chicago Riverwalk Expansion

佐佐木：芝加哥河的主要支流有着悠久的历史，在许多方面反映了芝加哥本身的发展。这条河曾经是一条蜿蜒的沼泽溪流，最初成为支持城市工业转型的工程渠道。在著名的河流倒流（城市倒流主支流和南支流以改善卫生设施）之后，建筑师和城市规划师丹尼尔·伯纳姆（Daniel Burnham）引入了一种新的城市视野，即河岸长廊，并增加了瓦克大道高架桥。在过去的十年中，随着芝加哥河步行项目的开展，河流的作用也在不断发展。该项目旨在为城市的生态、娱乐和经济效益回收芝加哥河。
SASAKI: The Main Branch of the Chicago River has a long and storied history that in many ways mirrors the development of Chicago itself. Once a meandering marshy stream, the river first became an engineered channel to support the industrial transformation of the city. Following the famed reversal of the river, in which the city reversed the flow of the Main Branch and South Branch to improve sanitation, architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham introduced a new civic vision of riverside promenades with the addition of the Wacker Drive viaduct. Over the last decade, the role of the river has been evolving with the Chicago Riverwalk project—an initiative to reclaim the Chicago River for the ecological, recreational and economic benefit of the city.

考虑到河流的高污染水平，几年前将其作为娱乐设施的目标似乎是不可能实现的。但今天，这一愿景正在成为现实。最近河流水质的改善和公共娱乐使用强度的增加标志着河流沿岸的生活日益丰富，要求与河流边缘建立新的连接。因此，芝加哥交通部和罗斯·巴尼建筑师事务所（Ross Barney Architects）领导了Riverwalk的第一阶段，这是一个包括退伍军人纪念广场和布里奇豪斯博物馆广场的初始部分。
The goal of embracing the river as a recreational amenity seemed impossible years ago given the river’s high levels of pollution. But today that vision is becoming a reality. Recent improvements in river water quality and the increased intensity of public recreational use signal growing life along the river, demanding new connections to the water’s edge. Accordingly, the Chicago Department of Transportation and Ross Barney Architects led Phase One of the Riverwalk, an initial segment that includes Veteran’s Memorial Plaza and the Bridgehouse Museum Plaza.

2012年，Sasaki、Ross Barney Architects、Alfred Benesch工程师和Jacobs/Ryan Associates团队在技术顾问的支持下，负责完成第二阶段和第三阶段的愿景：州街和湖街之间的六个街区。在先前对该河研究的基础上，该团队的计划提供了一条连接湖泊和河流交汇处的沿河行人通道。
In 2012, the team of Sasaki, Ross Barney Architects, Alfred Benesch Engineers, and Jacobs/Ryan Associates, supported by technical consultants, was tasked with completing the vision for Phases Two and Three: six blocks between State Street and Lake Street. Building off the previous studies of the river, the team’s plans provide a pedestrian connection along the river between the lake and the river’s confluence.

Chicago Riverwalk Expansion

手头的任务在技术上具有挑战性。例如，设计团队需要在严格的许可证规定的25英尺宽的扩建区域内工作，以扩大行人计划空间，并协商街区之间的一系列桥下连接。此外，设计还必须考虑到河流近7英尺的年洪水动态。将这些挑战转化为机遇，团队设想了关于这个线性公园的新思路。与90度转弯组成的路径不同，研究小组认为该路径是一个更加独立的系统，通过改变其形状和形式，将推动一系列新的方案连接到河流。随着新的联系，丰富和多样化的生活沿河，每个街区的形式和程序的不同河流为基础的类型。这些空间包括：
The task at hand was technically challenging. The design team, for instance, needed to work within a tight permit-mandated 25-foot-wide build-out area to expand the pedestrian program spaces and negotiate a series of under-bridge connections between blocks. Further, the design had to account for the river’s annual flood dynamics of nearly seven vertical feet. Turning these challenges into opportunities, the team imagined new ways of thinking about this linear park. Rather than a path composed of 90-degree turns, the team reconceived of the path as a more independent system—one that, through changes in its shape and form, would drive a series of new programmatic connections to the river. With new connections that enrich and diversify life along the river, each block takes on the form and program of a different river-based typology. These spaces include:

码头广场：餐厅和户外座椅提供了水上充满活力的生活景观，包括过往驳船、巡逻、水上出租车、，和观光船。
海湾：皮划艇租赁和人力艇停靠通过娱乐提供了与水的物理连接。
河流剧场：连接上瓦克和河道的雕塑楼梯提供了与水边和座位的步行连接，树木提供绿荫。
水上广场：水景为儿童和家庭提供了一个在河边与水接触的机会。
码头：一系列码头和浮动湿地花园提供了一个关于河流生态的互动学习环境，包括垂钓和识别本地植物的机会。
木板路：一条无障碍的走道和新的海洋边缘创造了通往湖街的连续通道，并为汇合处这一关键空间的未来发展奠定了基础。
The Marina Plaza: Restaurants and outdoor seating provide views of vibrant life on the water, including passing barges, patrols, water taxis, and sightseeing boats.
The Cove: Kayak rentals and docking for human-powered crafts provide physical connections to the water through recreation.
The River Theater: A sculptural staircase linking Upper Wacker and the Riverwalk offers pedestrian connectivity to the water’s edge and seating, while trees provide greenery and shade.
The Water Plaza: A water feature offers an opportunity for children and families to engage with water at the river’s edge.
The Jetty: A series of piers and floating wetland gardens offers an interactive learning environment about the ecology of the river, including opportunities for fishing and identifying native plants.
The Boardwalk: An accessible walkway and new marine edge creates continuous access to Lake Street and sets the scene for future development in this critical space at the confluence.

作为一种新的连接路径系统，芝加哥河畔步道设计为公园游客提供了连续性和多样性。每个类型空间的不同方案和形式允许在河上进行不同的体验，从用餐机会到扩大的公共活动规划，再到人力艇的新设施。同时，设计材料、细节和重复形式为整个项目提供了视觉上的凝聚力。例如，铺路反映了现有环境的对比：精致的切割石头遵循优雅的Beaux Arts Wacker高架桥和桥楼建筑，而更坚固的预制板位于暴露钢桥的低立面和底面两侧。
As a new connected path system, the Chicago Riverwalk design provides both continuity and variety for a park visitor. The distinct programs and forms of each typological space allow for diverse experiences on the river ranging from dining opportunities to expansive public event programming to new amenities for human-powered craft. At the same time, design materials, details, and repeated forms provide visual cohesion along the entire length of the project. Paving, for instance, mirrors the contrasts of the existing context: A refined cut stone follows the elegant Beaux-Arts Wacker viaduct and bridgehouse architecture, while a more rugged precast plank flanks the lower elevations and underside of the exposed steel bridges.

The first three blocks, from State Street to LaSalle Street, were completed and opened to the public in May, 2015. The construction of the next three blocks began in summer 2015 and will be completed in 2016.

Data

第三阶段，2.0英亩/三个街区（2016年开业）
Design: SASAKI
Project name: Chicago Riverwalk Expansion
Project location: Chicago, IL
Client name: City of Chicago Department of Transportation
Completion date: in progress
Size:
Phase Two, 1.5 acres/three blocks (opened May 2015)
Phase Three, 2.0 acres/three blocks (opening 2016)

Services:
Planning
Urban Design
Architecture
Landscape Architecture
Civil Engineering
Graphic Design