主权广场
Sovereign Square
re-form景观建筑有限公司：主权广场是利兹市中心一代人以来的第一个主要公共空间。该空间为新的商业目的地提供了环境，是南岸再生区的第一步，该区域将在未来20年内扩展市中心。该项目提供了一个机会，将自然带入一个缺乏主要绿地、树木覆盖率为欧洲城市平均水平25%的城市中心。Sovereign Square将成为通往未来城市公园的门户，这将有助于利兹成为一个更健康、更具吸引力和生态多样性的地方。
re-form landscape architecture limited: Sovereign Square is the first major public space in Leeds City Centre for a generation. The space, which provides the setting for a new business destination, is the first step to the South Bank regeneration area which will expand the city centre over the next 20 years. The project presented an opportunity to bring nature into a city centre that lacks any major green spaces and has tree cover that is 25% of the European city average. Sovereign Square will become a gateway into a future City Park that will help transform Leeds into a healthier more attractive and ecologically diverse place.
The public space has been delivered alongside two new office buildings but the brief stated that this would be a place for the people of the city and managed by the city.
It was also important that Sovereign Square contributed to Leeds becoming a ‘Child Friendly City’ – the city council’s programme for making Leeds a more inviting and playful place for children.
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Sovereign Square is a lush environment that attracts many people. 50 new mature trees have been planted around a large central lawn.
The mix of plant species selected will ensure there are flowering species for a long period, from early spring to late autumn, thus establishing a place that is beautiful and a much-needed habitat for wildlife in the city.
一个35米长的雨水花园管理着广场一半的地表水，拥有大片不同的植物物种，它们能够抵御来自道路和小路的毒素和石油化学物质。雨水花园也为人们提供了一个更亲密的环境，在种植区内放置了新的座位。
A 35m long rain garden manages surface water for half of the square, with swathes of different plant species that can withstand the toxins and petro-chemicals that will be washed from the paths and road. The rain garden also provides a more intimate environment for people to go where new seating has been placed within the planting.
座位是设计的一个基本部分，因为这是大多数人选择在空间中度过时间的方式。在夏天，人们可以坐在一起，在冬天寒冷的日子里，也可以避风。在美丽的植物中，有一些地方可以让团队躺下，其他人安静地工作。无论你是年轻人还是老年人，身体健全的人还是坐在轮椅上的人，这里都有时间陪伴孩子或等待朋友的地方。这一系列的机会意味着人们全年都占据着这个空间，并允许他们以不同的方式体验主权广场。
Seating is a fundamental part of the design, for this is how most people will choose to spend time in a space. There are places for people to sit as a group in the summer, or protected from the wind on a cold day in winter. There are places for groups to lay down and others to work quietly amongst beautiful planting. There are also places to spend time with your children or to wait for a friend – whether you are young or old, able bodied or in a wheelchair. This range of opportunities means that people occupy the space throughout the year, and allows them to experience Sovereign Square in different ways.
一个受欢迎的地方是坐在蜂蜜蝗（皂荚）林下。除了耐寒性和惊人的叶色外，该物种还因其提供的美丽斑纹阴影而被选中。它在铺路上创建了一个随风移动的复杂纹理，并本身成为动画的来源。改造使整个主权广场有了一系列的体验，这是一个吸引人的地方，可以消磨时间，提升感官，让人们与自然接触。
A popular place to sit is beneath the grove of Honey Locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). As well as its hardiness and amazing leaf colour, this species was selected for the beautiful dappled shade it provides. It creates a complex texture on the paving that moves with the wind and becomes a source of animation in itself. re-form has enabled a range of experiences throughout Sovereign Square, that are appealing places to spend time, heighten the senses and allow people to engage with nature.
Water is an integral part of the site’s heritage and this project. A goit (water channel) once diverted through the site from the adjacent River Aire to power the mills that were abundant in Leeds throughout the 18th Century.
广场的概念是由一个似乎有裂缝的阶梯式石底座建造而成，其灵感来自马尔罕湾的艾尔河源头。这是一个以石灰岩路面闻名的地方，其特点是数千年来被水雕刻出的深深的裂缝。Sovereign Square的水从这些裂缝中涌出，从地表下冒出气泡，顺着小溪流下。喷泉并不是为了展示舞蹈喷流，而是更自然、更真实的东西。这创造了一个让孩子们兴奋的地方，也让其他人着迷。
The concept for the plaza, which is constructed of a seemingly cracked and stepped plinth of stone, was inspired by the source of the River Aire at Malham Cove. This is a place that is famous for limestone pavement which is characterised by the deep fissures carved out over thousands of years, by water. The water at Sovereign Square emerges from these cracks, bubbling up from beneath the surface and flowing down the rill. The fountains are not intended as a choreographed display of dancing jets, but something that is much more natural and authentic. This has created a place that is exciting for children but also a mesmerising back-drop for others.
小溪从广场向河流延伸，这是一个重要的助航设施，它将与高架桥下的未来连接线相连。可以看到人们沿着水面行走，水面被不平坦的表面搅动，沿着水面的长度创造出有趣的图案和倒影。孩子们玩“维尼棍子”，把脚浸在浅水中，这是一种比在喷泉中奔跑更平静、更被动的选择。水和它与动态植物的并置使空间充满活力，并以许多不同的方式吸引人们。
The rill runs from the plaza towards the river – an important navigational aid which will link with a future connection underneath the viaduct. People can be seen walking alongside the water, which is agitated by an uneven surface, creating interesting patterns and reflections along its length. Children play ‘pooh sticks’ and dip their feet in the shallow water which is a calmer, more passive alternative to running through the fountains. The water and its juxtaposition with dynamic plantings animates the space and engages people in lots of different ways.
Sovereign Square is making a positive contribution to the quality of public life in Leeds City Centre. People are choosing to spend time here and numbers will undoubtedly increase when the remaining development plots are complete.
图片来源：西蒙·维恩
Project name: Sovereign Square
Location: Leeds, United Kingdom
Design firm: re-form landscape architecture limited
Design year: 2012-2014
Completed: 2016
Area: 4,550m2
Budget: £2.5m
Street furniture: Hess + Bramhall 1840
Tree nursery: Ebben
Consultants: Water feature specialist – Fountain Workshop. Artist – Mel Chantry
Text credit: re-form landscape architecture limited
Image credit: Simon Vine
