什马丁斯基公园、操场

什马丁斯基公园、操场
Šmartinski Park, Playground

卢兹：今天的什马丁斯基公园曾经是一大片非正式和私人花园。在市政空间规划文件中，该地区被定义为绿地和基础设施走廊，但实际上，它被花园床和棚屋覆盖，被交通道路切断，并被几条主要电力线穿过。仍然在2007年，该地区主要作为繁忙道路和城市中央公墓之间的缓冲区，经常被称为问题区。批评的主要原因是不受管制的园艺和由斯洛文尼亚著名建筑师乔že Plečnik设计的Žale公墓的标志性建筑之间的矛盾。具有讽刺意味的是，在20世纪50年代末，这片土地上确实规划了分配园艺，但随着时间的推移，分配园艺失去了控制。在它的最后阶段，这里的园艺被宣布为非法，没有人知道有多少个单独的花园或它们属于谁。该区域由蔬菜床组成，周围散落着各种木制或铁皮棚屋和小型建筑。该地区随机种植了不同的果树和许多多年生植物。从外面看，这个地方似乎不友好，甚至令人困惑，难以穿越，属于一个封闭的园丁社区。
LUZ: Today’s Šmartinski Park used to be a vast area of informal and individuals allotment gardens. In the municipal spatial planning documents the area was defined as green space and an infrastructural corridor, but in reality it was covered with garden beds and sheds, cut by a traffic road and crossed by a few main power lines. Still in 2007, the area mainly served as a buffer zone between busy roads and the city’s central cemetery Žale and was constantly referred to as a problem zone. The main reason for the criticism was the contradiction of unregulated gardening and the iconic architecture of the Žale cemetery, designed by recognized Slovene architect Jože Plečnik. Ironically, allotment gardening was indeed planned on the site in late 1950s but went out of control when years went by. At its final stage, gardening here was declared illegal, nobody knew how many individual gardens there are or who they belonged to. The area consisted of vegetable beds with various wooden or tin shacks and small constructions, scattered around. The area was planted randomly with different fruit trees and numerous perennials. From the outside, the place seemed unfriendly, even confusing and difficult to cross, belonging to a closed community of gardeners.

Šmartinski Park, Playground

早在2007年，该地区是卢布尔雅那市为证明新的城市发展和管理政策而连续清理非法土地的第一个地区。在市长办公室、市政官员和上市公司的密切合作下，宣布并执行了清理花园床和棚屋的工作。这一最微妙的行动是在对园丁和城市园艺未来以及该地区未来发展非常敏感的情况下进行的。分配园丁能够在现场从市长那里得到解释，副市长召集了一个专业团队来标记和保护现有树木免受建筑破坏，并公开宣布了一项新的园艺政策。康复工作与实地调查一起进行了讨论和规划，最终形成了最少干预的想法。在清理该地区后，在第一个季节只播种了开花草坪混合物，该地区在规划和设计过程开始时向公众开放。向附近的当地社区咨询了他们的愿望，他们确认需要一个新的公园和游乐场。在新的总体规划中，该地区将成为一个公共公园，将该地区一分为二的道路将从中删除。新公园将成为什马丁斯基公园，以附近的一条路命名。
Back in 2007, the area was first in a row to be cleared of illegal allotment in the Municipality of Ljubljana to demonstrate new urban development and management policy. The clearing of gardening beds and sheds was announced and executed in a close cooperation between mayor’s office, municipal officials and public companies. This most delicate action was carried out with a lot of sensitivity to the gardeners and the future of gardening in the city as well as for the area’s future development. The allotment gardeners were able to get explanations from the mayor on site, the vice major gathered a professional team to mark and protect the existing trees form construction damage, and a new gardening policy was announced publicly. Rehabilitation was discussed and planned along with fieldwork which led to an idea of minimal intervention. After clearing of the area only a flowering lawn mixture was sown in the first season and the area was open to public use while the process of planning and designing started. The nearby local communities were consulted about their wishes and they confirmed a need for a new park and playground. The area was to become a public park in a new master plan and the road that was bisecting the area was to be omitted from it. The new park was to become Šmartinski Park, named after a road nearby.

由于其占地面积近13公顷，将该地区逐步改造为公园，从2007年开始，到2015年逐步达到高潮，修建了该市最大、最令人兴奋的游乐场之一。在公园开发的第一阶段，仅修建了两条基本的步行道，对地形进行了改造，并种植了新的大树，同时在现场留下了现有果树的残留物。由于许多要求，操场设计得比较晚。最初的设计理念是为所有人提供一个游戏区，无论他们的年龄、身体或智力如何。游乐场位置经过仔细规划，与墓地保持适当关系，位于加油站后面，不受主要道路和电力线的影响。设计团队以往参与各种游戏项目的学校和幼儿园儿童的经验被用作新设计概念最有价值的基线。该设计本身就是为了提供宽敞、好玩的地形、水景、沙滩、大量植被和具有多种功能的游乐设备——一个高高的攀爬网，其中一个要素是景观。公园布局中融入了好玩的水景和路径设计，为现有的直线功能性公园路径添加了具有高游戏价值的软曲线圆形。
Due to its vast dimension of nearly 13 ha, the transformation of the area into a park was to be gradual, starting the process in 2007, step by step reaching its climax in 2015 by constructing one of the city’s biggest and most exciting playgrounds. In the first phase of park development only two basic walkthrough paths were erected, the terrain was reshaped and new large trees were planted while remnants of existing fruit trees were left on site. The playground was designed later due to many requests. The initial design idea was to provide a play area for all, no matter the age, physical or mental ability. The playground location was planned carefully, with a proper relation to the cemetery, behind a gas station and out of impacts of main road and power lines. The design team’s previous experiences with school and nursery kids participating in various play projects were used as most valuable baseline for a new design concept. The design itself was to provide spaciousness, playful terrain, water feature in combination with sand, lots of vegetation and play equipment with a diverse set of functions – a high climbing net with a view being one of its essentials. Playful water feature and path design were moulded to the park layout, adding soft curved circular shapes with high play value to the existing straight functional park paths.

几乎从一开始，公园改造就被广泛接受，甚至园丁们也认识到开放公共空间的质量，在公园运营的第一个季度，市政厅就开始提出修建游乐场的要求。起初，在墓地前建一个游乐场的想法听起来有点不寻常，但生活证明了这一点：人们最希望在公园里建一个游乐场，而今天的游客来自四面八方，甚至来自卢布尔雅那城外。一些用户提出的想法，如带有图形长度标记的跑步或骑摩托车的环形路径、波浪形上下路径和带有各种滑梯的柔和弯曲的小山，是水上游戏旁边最繁忙的功能——水泵、水坝、渠道或磨坊与沙的结合，卢布尔雅那在其他方面具有多样性的比赛选择中是罕见的。操场安全（砾石与沙子的结合）完全通过仔细的细节设计而实现，无需大量的结构添加。游乐场开放后，许多人参观了它，建议增加自行车架和一个狗公园，这两个建议都实现了。公园最近的受欢迎程度也引发了一项预期的计划，即为公园和游乐场用户建造一个具有必要服务功能的茶馆。
The transformation of allotment into a park was very well accepted almost from the beginning, even the gardeners recognized the quality of open public space and requests for a playground started to reach the city hall in the first season of park operation. At first idea of a playground in front of a cemetery sounded a bit unusual but life proves it right: people wished to have a playground constructed in a park more than anything and the visitors today are coming from near and far, even from outside of Ljubljana. Some of the users initiated ideas, such as circular paths for running or scooter riding with graphic length marks, a wavy up and down path and a softly curved hill with assortment of slides are the busiest features alongside water play – pumps, dams, channels or mills in combination with sand, a rarity in Ljubljana’s otherwise diverse play options. Playground safety (gravel in combination with sand) is fully provided by careful detailing without abundant constructional additions. After the playground was open, many people visited it, proposing additional bike racks and a dog park and both of proposals were realised. Recent popularity of the park also triggered an expected initiative to build a teahouse with necessary service features for the park and playground users.

城市设备制造商：Kompan、Richterspielgate、Outsider DK
Design: LUZ, d.d. (Maja Simoneti, Urška Kranjc, Klara Sulič, Sergej Hiti, Tomaž Stupar – Krajinaris, Dušan Stupar, Tanja Maljevac, Maša Šorn)
Location: Šmartinski park, Ljubljana, Slovenia (https://www.google.si/maps/@46.066776,14.5318239,16.75z?hl=sl)
Design year: 2015 – 2016
Year of construction: 2015 – 2016
Area: 11 ha
Budget: 1.000.000 EUR
Image Credits: Luka Vidic
Manufacturer of urban Equipment: Kompan, Richterspielgerate, Outsider DK