三一广场
Trinity Square
改造景观建筑：赫尔城中心项目是一次千载难逢的机会，可以改变城市面貌，利用公共空间的质量和用户体验推动城市的文化和经济雄心。该项目是赫尔市2017年作为英国文化之都的重要组成部分，它提供了在城市结构上进行重大投资的紧迫性和雄心，同时也提供了在城市文化和公共空间之间建立内在联系的机会。市中心需要成为当地人可以感到自豪的地方，但也需要体验和参与文化——从每天的街头文化到重大计划活动。
re-form landscape architecture: The Hull City Centre project was a once in a generation opportunity to change the face of the city and use the quality and user experience of public space to drive the city’s cultural and economic ambitions. This project was a major part of Hull’s time as UK City of Culture in 2017, which provided an urgency and ambition to deliver a major investment in the city’s fabric, but also an opportunity to create an intrinsic link between the city’s culture and its public spaces. The city centre needed to become somewhere that local people could feel proud but also to experience and take part in culture – from every day street culture to major programmed events.
三一广场标志着该市旧城的中心。它为一级赫尔明斯特和三一学院提供了环境，是以教堂为中心的强大社区的所在地。由于缺乏维护，公路设计过于占主导地位，教堂停车空间不足，这意味着汽车停在教堂墙内的横木上。re-form与历史悠久的英格兰和约克教区达成协议，拆除围墙，创建一个大型灵活的空间，支持社区，为教会和市议会举办活动提供一个宝贵的场所。该空间现在是一个设计敏感的地方，庆祝，而不是竞争的门厅门面错综复杂，并保持了平静和宁静的经验品质，定义了它。现有的梧桐树已被纳入设计中，保留了一些成熟度和座椅的斑纹阴影和遮蔽物的环境效益。四个角落的长椅构成了一个包含八个镜池的空间，每个镜池都反映了人们在空间中穿行时的不同细节。镜子池以不同的方式参与进来——吸引人们触摸、走过或凝视偶尔的脉搏，在水面上创造美丽的图案。广场建在中世纪的墓地上。这项计划经过精心规划，以尽量减少对地下的破坏，并与一组考古学家一起进行了施工，他们挖掘了一些最浅的遗迹，以便重新安置到部长的地下室。
Trinity Square marks the centre of the city’s Old Town. It provides the setting for the Grade I Listed Hull Minster and Trinity House and is home to a strong community centred around the church. The space had suffered from a lack of maintenance, over-dominant highway design and a shortage of space for church parking, that meant cars parked on the ledger stones within the church wall. re-form agreed with Historic England and the Diocese of York, to remove the wall and create a large flexible space that would support the community and provide a valuable place to host events for the church and the city council. The space is now a sensitively designed place that celebrates, rather than competes with the intricacy of the Minster facade and keeps those experiential qualities of calmness and tranquillity which define it. Existing Plane trees have been incorporated into the design, retaining some maturity and the environmental benefits of dappled shade and shelter to the seating. Four corner benches frame a space that contains eight mirror pools, each of which reflect a different detail of the Minster as people walk through the space. The mirror pools are engaging in different ways – enticing people to touch, walk through them or stare at the occasional pulse which creates beautiful patterns in the surface. The square was built atop a medieval graveyard. The scheme was planned carefully to minimise disruption to the sub-surface, and construction was undertaken alongside a team of archaeologists who exhumed some of the shallowest remains for relocation to the Minster’s crypt.
现场条件对安装八个4×4 m的镜像池造成了特别的挑战，每个镜像池都需要完全水平。专业石匠在距离每个角落2 mm的公差范围内对砂岩表面进行加工，以使4 mm深的水保持一致。在每个水池周围，1×1 m的方形旗帜被切割成3D形状，以将标高连接回主铺装表面。这意味着，当水被关闭时，它们将变得不可见，整个广场的表面将保持其完整性。
The site conditions caused a particular challenge in installing the eight 4×4 m mirror pools, each of which needed to be perfectly level. Specialist stone masons worked the sandstone surface within a 2 mm tolerance from each corner, to allow the 4 mm deep water to be consistent. Around the perimeter of each pool, the 1×1 m square flags have been cut in 3D to connect the levels back into the main paved surface. This means that when the water is turned off, they become invisible and the surface across the square retains its integrity.
广场周围新开的商铺让更多的人占据了这一空间，并在城市中创造了一个重要的目的地。由于其灵活性，该空间被更多地用于文化活动和设施。最近的例子包括：；《赫尔大厅》——佩佐·冯·埃尔里希豪森和艺术家费丽斯·瓦里尼的获奖作品《飞翔》——皇家芭蕾舞团的表演《我们从这里走到哪里》——艺术家杰森·布鲁日的雕塑照明装置。广场还设有每月一次的食品市场，教堂经常在较小的场合使用。
New businesses have now opened around the square allowing more people to occupy the space and create a significant destination in the city. The space is used more intensively for cultural events and installations due to its flexibility. Recent examples include; A Hall for Hull – a RIBA winning installation by Pezo von Ellrichhausen and artist Felice Varini, Take Flight – a performance by the Royal Ballet and Where Do We Go From Here – A sculptural lighting installation by artist Jason Bruges. The square also hosts a monthly food market and is used regularly by the church for smaller occasions.
Trinity Square was used extensively throughout 2017 and played a pivotal role in the discovery and celebration of the city’s culture. Martin Green, CEO of Hull 2017 described this link;
“人们拥有了自己的城市空间，并对探索产生了兴趣，这导致他们发现了新的最喜欢的地方。社区和团体意识到，他们周围的空间是他们可以利用的，新的活动、节日和表演更经常地出现。这些活动的成功与公共领域的工作是不可分割的。这项工作为我们提供了举办文化活动的绝佳空间，我们的计划也激发了人们对城市的全新认识。这是城市的一项伟大遗产……新的公共领域将在很长一段时间内出现。”
‘‘People are taking ownership of their city spaces and developing an appetite for exploration, which is leading them to discover new favourite places. Communities and groups realise that the spaces around them are theirs to make use of, with new events, festivals and shows popping up with greater regularity.The success of such events has been indivisible from the public realm works. The work has provided us with amazing spaces to deliver cultural events and our programme has inspired people to see their city in a new light.This is a magnificent legacy for the city… The new public realm will be here for a very long time.”
事实证明，从文化、社会和经济变革的角度来看，这一更广泛的项目取得了巨大成功。自第一阶段完工以来，已经有131家新企业开业，整个市中心的步行人数增加了11%，一些主要的步行街也出现了显著增长。三一广场的重新开发帮助所有零售行业实现了12.3%的销售额增长，食品和饮料行业实现了22%的增长——这是委员会吸引更多家庭和扩大夜间经济的关键目标之一。市中心的主要景点的游客人数增加了10-15%，而弗伦斯美术馆和海事博物馆的游客人数达到了有记录以来的最高水平。
The wider project has proved to be a huge success in terms of cultural, social and economic change. Since the completion of the first phase there have been 131 new businesses open and an 11% increase in footfall across the city centre, with some of the key pedestrian streets showing a significant increase. The redevelopment of Trinity Square helped create a 12.3 % increase in sales across all retail sectors and a 22% increase in the food and beverage sector – one of the council’s key targets to attract more families as well as broadening its night time economy. Major city centre attractions had a 10-15% rise in visitor numbers and the Ferens Art Gallery and Maritime Museum reported their highest visitor numbers since records began.
Project information
Project name: Trinity Square, Hull
Location: Hull, United Kingdom
Design firm: re-form landscape architecture
Design year: 2015-2016
Completed: 2017
Area: 3,500 m2
Budget: £2.9 m
Street furniture: Logic and Pearl Green Engineering
Consultants: Engineer – Arup
Water feature specialist: Fountain Workshop
Cost Consultant: Gardiner and Theobold
Artist: Mel Chantry
Text credit: re-form landscape architecture limited
Image credit: Neil Nicklin and Dan Wheeler (City of Culture)
