路易森斯特迪舍公墓
Luisenstädtischer Cemetery
墓地不仅仅是墓地。在文化见证的背景下，这些空间中的许多还用于沉思行走。它们风景秀丽，生态丰富。今天，许多墓地都承受着巨大的经济压力。问题在于，这些“次要”用途和质量的潜力是否有助于使这些墓地更具吸引力。在柏林Kreuzberg的Luisenstädtischer公墓，目前只有少数几个墓地的总面积为2.6公顷。近几年来，人们不再需要新的墓葬。相比之下，这个墓地已经引起了很多公众的兴趣。它将作为一座花园纪念碑被保存下来，由于其丰富的结构，它具有巨大的生态重要性。公墓是一个开放的空间，具有特殊的氛围，具有自然、文化、宁静和短暂的特点。
Graveyards are not just burial places. Many of these spaces are also used for contemplative walks in the context of cultural witnessing. They are scenic as well as being ecologically rich. Many cemeteries today are under a great deal of economic pressure. The question arises whether the potential of these „secondary“ uses and qualities can help to make these burial places more attractive. At the Luisenstädtischer Cemetery in Berlin-Kreuzberg, only a few grave sites are currently being maintained on a total area of 2,6 hectares. There was no longer any demand for new burials in the recent years. In contrast, this graveyard has gained a lot of public interest. It is to be preserved as a garden monument and it has a great ecological importance due to its wealth of structures. The cemetery is appreciated by its residents as an open space which has a special atmosphere, characterized by nature, culture, tranquility and transience.
我们的设计理念是将Luisenstädtischer公墓发展为城市背景下的文化、生态和社会空间。为此，加强了现有结构和质量，并制定了维护计划。没有纪念碑保护和坟墓权利的坟墓被拆除。该项目的一个关键部分是加强植被结构。因此，恢复了大道种植的封闭结构。
Our design concept is to develop the Luisenstädtischer Cemetery as a cultural, ecological and social space in its urban context. For this purpose, the existing structures and qualities were strengthened and a maintenance program was established. Graves without monument protection and without grave rights were removed. A key part of the project is to strengthen the vegetation structure. Due to this, the closed structure of the avenue plantings was restored.
除了主要道路的规则结构外，还根据现有地形创建了草坪路径和修剪区域系统。纹理均匀的草坪与墓地结构丰富、细致入微的草地形成对比。这样，这些草地的质量就突出了。
As well as the regular structure of the main paths, a system of lawn paths and mowed areas has been created which follow the existing topography. The uniformly textured lawns contrast with the richly structured, nuanced meadow spaces of the cemetery. In this way, the quality of these meadows is highlighted.
这些草地和草坪的结构被用来形成室外空间。提供多种座椅，可用于娱乐、户外葬礼和活动。在其中一个空地上建造了一个平面的“水镜”——一个雨水盆，以突出大气。它分阶段进行天气过程，提供了各种有趣的视角，其反射表面以及对小气候的积极影响。
The structure of these meadows and lawns is used to formulate outdoor spaces. A variety of seats are offered which can be used for recreation, outdoor funerals and events. A flat “water mirror” – a rainwater bowl – was created in one of the clearings to accentuate the atmosphere. It stages weather processes, offers a variety of intriguing perspectives with its reflective surface as well as having a positive effect on the microclimate.
This design concept offers a framework for new types of funerals. This design strengthens the graveyard as an open space. They can also contribute to the continued use of the Luisenstädtischer Cemetery and also to the preservation of the grounds.
Landscape Architecture: relais Landschaftsarchitekten
Website: www.relaisla.de
Project: Luisenstädtischer Cemetery
Project location: Berlin-Kreuzberg, Südstern 8–10
Client: Evangelischer Friedhofsverband Berlin Stadtmitte
Design year: 2018
Year Built: 2019
Area: 26.000 m²
Photos: Stefan Müller
