里斯本的4所模块化幼儿园/概述

里斯本的4所模块化幼儿园/概述
4 Modular Kindergartens in Lisbon / SUMMARY

模块化设计的创新性：里斯本的这四所模块化幼儿园项目展现了模块化建筑在城市公共设施建设中的巨大潜力。通过标准化的钢筋混凝土结构模块，建筑师不仅实现了快速的施工周期和经济的建造成本，还成功地在城市中创建了具有辨识度的建筑形象。这种“U”形截面的模块化设计，不仅满足了功能需求，还通过其独特的建筑语言，为城市增添了现代而富有活力的视觉元素。模块化的运用，使得建筑的可扩展性和灵活性得到了极大的提升，为未来可能的扩建或改造提供了便利，体现了设计的前瞻性和可持续性。

功能布局的合理性：幼儿园的功能布局充分考虑了儿童的活动特点和安全需求。建筑内部的流通空间设计简洁明了，直线状的走廊布局不仅便于儿童和教师的快速定位，还提高了空间的可见性，有助于及时发现和处理各种突发情况，保障了儿童的安全。同时，室外空间被巧妙地设计为室内活动的延伸，通过设置防滑铺装区域和花园等，为儿童提供了丰富的户外活动空间，满足了他们探索自然、进行游戏和社交的需求。此外，建筑的两层分布设计，使得基本服务区和儿童活动区得到了合理的分区，既保证了功能的独立性，又实现了空间的高效利用，体现了设计的人性化和实用性。

可持续发展的环保理念：在可持续发展方面，这四所幼儿园的设计同样值得称道。建筑的大部分外表面采用了植被覆盖，这不仅有助于提高土壤的渗透性，减少雨水径流，还能为城市提供更多的绿色空间，改善微气候。同时，植物和树种的选择充分考虑了当地的气候条件和生态需求，选择了适应性强、需水量低且不易引起过敏的物种，体现了对生态环境的尊重和保护。此外，建筑的预制化施工方式，减少了现场施工过程中产生的废弃物、噪音和灰尘，降低了对周边社区的干扰，符合绿色建筑的理念，为城市的可持续发展做出了积极贡献。

建筑师提供的文字描述这些建筑是为了响应里斯本市政府发起的一项在里斯本各地区建设幼儿园的公共倡议项目而出现的。起点是一个标准化的解决方案，允许经济干预、快速执行和创建可识别的形象，使这些设施在整个城市都能被识别。该提案基于钢筋混凝土结构模块的重叠，具有“U”形截面，塑造了建筑的表面。这种材料的选择不仅与模块化配置有关，还与竞赛计划中明确的要求有关，以确保解决方案具有高且经过验证的耐用性和低维护性。
Text description provided by the architects. The buildings emerged in response to a public initiative project for the construction of kindergartens in various areas in Lisbon, through a competition launched by the Municipality. The starting point was a standardized solution that allowed for economic intervention, quick execution, and the creation of an identifiable image, making these facilities recognizable throughout the city. The proposal is based on the overlapping of structural modules in reinforced concrete, with a “U” section, shaping the building's surfaces. The choice of this material is linked not only to the modular configuration but also to the requirement evident in the competition program to ensure solutions of high and proven durability and low maintenance.

Axonometric

解决方案的标准化自然意味着四所幼儿园之间的正式类比。建筑的形象源于模块化建筑系统所带来的潜力和局限性。从外部看，可以清楚地解读建筑物的构造——接缝是可见的，人们可以分辨出每个模块以及它们的排列和支撑方式。这4个托儿所具有相似的有机和功能分布：两组重叠的“U形”模块，容纳各种隔间，以及它们之间的中央走廊，所有水平和垂直循环都在这里进行（走廊、楼梯间和电梯）。供暖、通风和空调基础设施的主要部分也位于这些中央走廊线内，通过相邻的侧墙到达各个隔间。
The standardization of solutions naturally implies a formal analogy among the four kindergartens. The image of the buildings arises from the potentialities and limitations imposed by the modular construction system. From the exterior, a clear tectonic reading of the buildings is possible – the joints are visible, and one can discern each of the modules and the way they are arranged and supported. These 4 nurseries feature a similar organic and functional distribution: two groups of overlapping “U-shaped” modules, housing various compartments, and a central corridor between them where all horizontal and vertical circulation takes place (corridors, stairwells, and elevators). It is also within these central corridor lines that the main sections of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning infrastructure are located, reaching the compartments through the adjacent side walls.

流通空间呈直线状，便于建筑内的用户定位和所有区域之间的可见性，提高了功能性和安全性。室外空间被设计为室内活动的延伸。建议使用一些防滑铺装区域，以便可以使用轮式玩具。我们还考虑了与孩子们一起进行户外活动的花园区域的存在。大部分外表面的植被覆盖有助于土壤渗透性。植物和树种的选择是基于适应气候、低需水量和排除可能引起过敏问题的物种的标准。
The circulation spaces are straight and linear, facilitating user orientation within the building and visibility between all areas, promoting functionality and safety. The outdoor spaces have been designed as an extension of the indoor activities. Some non-slip paved areas are proposed, so that wheeled toys can be used. We also considered the existence of garden areas for outdoor activities with the children. The vegetal cover on most of the outside surface contributes to soil permeability. The choice of plant and tree species was based on the criteria of adaptation to the climate, low water requirements and the exclusion of species that could cause allergic problems.

托儿所分布在两层楼，使其占地面积更紧凑，以解决地块空间有限的问题（所有地块都位于综合城区），并最大限度地扩大休闲区的外部空间。基本服务区（厨房、行政区、洗衣房等）位于一楼，而儿童活动室则分布在两层。所有这些房间都可以直接通往室外——在一楼，通往操场；在楼上，穿过露台。
The nurseries are distributed across two floors, making them more compact in terms of footprint to address the limited space of the plots (all located in consolidated urban areas) and to maximize external space for recreational areas. The essential service areas (kitchen, administrative zone, laundry, etc.) are situated on the ground floor, while the various activity rooms for children are spread across both floors. All these rooms have direct access to the outside - on the ground floor, to the playground; and on the upper floor, through terraces.

Structural diagram

这些建筑物的所有结构部件，包括基础，都是在受控条件下在工厂预制的。然后，他们在几天内就在现场组装好了。这些预制构件不仅构成了建筑的结构，还定义了立面、地板和内部隔间。这种方法允许更快、更可控的施工过程，避免了现场混凝土浇筑，从而减少了浪费、噪音和灰尘。目标是在施工期间，在不干扰周边社区的情况下，增加该市的公立幼儿园网络。这一过程和结果对于实现这一目标同样重要。
All the structural components of these buildings, including the foundations, were prefabricated in a factory under controlled conditions. They were then assembled on-site within a few days. These prefabricated components not only form the structure of the building but also define the facades, floors, and interior compartments. This approach allowed for a faster and more controlled construction process, avoiding on-site concreting, thus reducing waste, noise, and dust. The goal was to increase the city's network of public kindergartens without disrupting the surrounding neighbourhood during construction. Both the process and the result were equally important in achieving this objective.