Koningsweg/MVRDV建筑

Koningsweg/MVRDV建筑
Buitenplaats Koningsweg / MVRDV

项目特色与历史价值：Koningsweg 的 Buitenplats 项目将二战前德国军事基地成功改造成住宅和文化飞地，坐落在荷兰重要自然区 Veluwe 的森林中。项目保留和改造了原有建筑，清晰区分新旧元素，让人们直观解读遗址故事。同时，景观设计使自然与建筑融合，拆除围栏让野生动物自由漫步，模糊了住宅与森林的边界，赋予了这片土地新的生机与宁静，展现了对历史的尊重与传承。

设计创新与可持续性：该项目的设计独具创新，通过设计竞赛选出的奇特度假屋融入森林，增添趣味。三栋住宅的设计在遵循总体规划的同时，让未来业主可选择心仪的户型。在可持续性方面，建筑采用木材框架、再生骨料混凝土等材料，房屋配备太阳能板和高隔热值，部分房屋实现能源中和，停车位也为未来可持续交通选择做了考虑，为可持续建筑树立了榜样。

对社区和自然的影响：这个项目不仅为当地提供了独特的居住和工作环境，还通过与自然的紧密结合，为人们带来了宁静的景观体验。它鼓励人们亲近自然，促进了社区与自然的和谐共生。同时，将公共空间所有权移交给市政府的举措，进一步增强了项目的公共性和社区价值。它为荷兰其他地区的发展提供了新的思路，展示了在保护历史和自然的前提下进行创新开发的可能性。

结合历史、住房、文化和自然：Buitenplats Koningsweg改造了一个前二战德国军事基地MVRDV、景观工作室Buro Harro和开发商KondorWessels Projecten已经完成了Koningsweg的Buitenplats项目，将第二次世界大战期间的一个前德国军事基地改造成荷兰最珍贵的自然景观之一的住宅和文化飞地。MVRDV和KondorWessels Projecten在阿纳姆郊区的总体规划范围内，还完成了三栋可持续住宅楼，共提供21套住房。这个项目坐落在Veluwe森林中，为这段奇特的荷兰历史注入了活力。
Combining history, housing, culture, and nature: Buitenplaats Koningsweg transforms a former WWII German military base. MVRDV, landscape studio Buro Harro and developer KondorWessels Projecten have completed Buitenplaats Koningsweg, transforming a former German military base from the Second World War into a residential and cultural enclave in one of the Netherlands' most precious natural landscapes. Working within this masterplan on the outskirts of Arnhem, MVRDV and KondorWessels Projecten have also completed three sustainable residential buildings providing a total of 21 homes. Nestled within the Veluwe forest, this project brings life to this curious piece of Dutch history.

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Koningsweg的Buitenplats最初是两个设施，Kamp Koningsweg-Noord和Zeven Provinciën。这些飞机建在迪伦机场的轨道上，迪伦机场在第二次世界大战期间是荷兰最大的德国机场。混凝土军事掩体伪装成农舍，试图掩盖其军事目的，使其融入周围的自然环境。这些自然环境增添了另一层意义：该项目位于荷兰最重要的自然区之一Veluwe的森林中，也是该国最大的陆地Natura 2000指定区。
Buitenplaats Koningsweg began its life as two facilities, Kamp Koningsweg Noord and Zeven Provinciën. These were built in the orbit of the Deelen airfield, which during the Second World War was the largest German airfield in the Netherlands. The concrete military bunkers were disguised as farmhouses in an attempt to obscure their military purpose, allowing them to blend into the surrounding nature. These natural surroundings add another layer of significance: the project sits in the forests of the Veluwe, one of the Netherlands' most important natural areas, and the largest land-based Natura 2000-designated area in the country.

Housing - Site Plan

在20世纪后半叶，在所有剩余的建筑被添加到荷兰国家纪念碑名单之前，进行了许多改建。MVRDV和Buro Harro的总体规划与这段历史密切相关：根据国家古迹登记处制定的规则，现有的主要是砖砌建筑被保留（对于原始的德国建筑）或改造（对于后来的荷兰建筑），并进行了改造，如新的门和老虎窗，其深灰色饰面清晰可辨。与此同时，之前被拆除的建筑被复活为形状和大小相同的建筑，用浅灰色材料完成。
In the latter half of the 20th century, many alterations were made, before all the remaining structures were added to the Dutch list of national monuments. MVRDV and Buro Harro's masterplan engages carefully with this history: following the rules established by the national monuments register, the existing mostly brick buildings are preserved (in the case of the original German constructions) or transformed (in the case of later Dutch constructions) with alterations such as new doorways and dormer windows made clearly identifiable by their dark grey finishes. Meanwhile, previously demolished buildings are resurrected as buildings of the same shape and size, completed in light grey materials.

Masterplan - KKN Adjustments Diagram

MVRDV创始合伙人Nathalie de Vries表示：“Buitenplats Koningsweg的一个不同寻常的方面是，这些建筑从一开始就被设计成掩盖其真实性质”。“现代干预措施如何在保持伪装完整性的同时，帮助人们关注他们的历史？我们的答案是让变化变得超级清晰。新旧和重建元素之间的清晰界限，以及历史建筑一米厚的掩体墙等意想不到的细节，有助于人们直观地解读遗址的故事。”
"An unusual aspect of Buitenplaats Koningsweg is that the buildings were designed, from the very start, to disguise their true nature", says MVRDV founding partner Nathalie de Vries. "How could modern interventions help to draw attention to their history, while preserving the integrity of that disguise? Our answer was to make changes hyper-legible. The clear delineation between the old, new, and reconstructed elements, along with unexpected details such as the meter-thick bunker walls of the historic buildings, help people to intuitively interpret the site's story."

Buitenplats Koningsweg项目的发起人之一Buro Harro的Harro de Jong说，改造始于“将Veluwe景观像毯子一样拉到现场，就像军营和机场被伪装成与周围环境无缝融合一样”。景观设计使用了最少的硬景观，狭窄的人行道让自然在建筑元素之间蓬勃发展，而曾经封闭场地的围栏已被拆除，让野生动物自由漫步。“当我们刚开始的时候，这个地方是一个荒凉、铺砌严重、建筑密集的地区。现在，人们在一个宁静的景观中生活、工作和放松，感觉它一直都在这里。”
The transformation began by "pulling the Veluwe landscape over the site like a blanket, much like how the barracks and airfield were camouflaged to blend seamlessly into the surroundings" says Harro de Jong of Buro Harro, one of the initiators of the Buitenplaats Koningsweg project. The landscape design uses minimal hard landscaping, with narrow footpaths allowing nature to flourish in between built elements, while the fences that once enclosed the site have been removed to allow wildlife to roam freely. "When we first started, the site was a desolate, heavily paved, and built-up area. Now, people live, work, and relax in a serene landscape that feels as if it has always been here."

Masterplan - Axo

As a result of this rewilding operation, the boundary between the homes and creative industries of Buitenplaats Koningsweg and the forests of the Veluwe dematerializes – a change that will soon be formalized as ownership of the public spaces of Buitenplaats Koningsweg will be officially given over to the municipality of Arnhem. "Navigating the site's complex history wasn't without its challenges," says Arnold Sprakel, project developer at KondorWessels Projecten. "It took creativity as well as persistence to bring this vision to life. But seeing the result makes it all worthwhile. We've created something truly unique here, being able to live, work and relax in nature, with small private gardens and shared authentic landscapes, is what sets this development apart from the many residential areas elsewhere in the Netherlands." he concludes.

In the north of the site, the master plan includes eleven follies available for holiday rentals, which blend into the forest with quirky designs that play with the theme of disguise. These were selected through a design competition organized by KondorWessels Projecten and Buro Harro.

The final stage of the sixteen-year transformation includes a series of three almost-identical residential buildings designed by MVRDV, each comprising seven terraced homes. As dictated by the masterplan's Image Quality Plan, these adopt the location, shape, and size of buildings that could once be found here, while grey slate walls and roofs identify them as reconstructions.

The future owners of these "townhouses in the forest" could choose their favorite floorplan, from a range of possibilities. The homes are raised above ground level, with outdoor spaces that are minimally enclosed: beyond their small projecting decks, they have no garden, but instead an intimate connection to the surrounding forests, with large shared spaces between the homes on both the front and back of the buildings.

Section Diagram

Special attention was given to sustainability in these designs, the walls and roofs of the buildings are constructed with timber frames, the concrete mix partially substitutes gravel with recycled aggregate, and the floating decks are made with recycled plastic. Thanks to their solar panels and high insulation values, the 15 homes in the middle section of each block are energy-neutral in operation, while the six houses on the ends are close to energy-neutral. Car parking spaces for the homes are included underneath each building and are designed such that in the future they can enable electric car charging and bicycle parking, in the hopes of encouraging more sustainable transit choices by the residents.